Characterization of suicidal depression: A 1 year prospective study

• Published in: European psychiatry 2022-04, Vol.65 (1), Article e24
• Main Authors: Nobile, Bénédicte, Olié, Emilie, Dubois, Jonathan, Benramdane, Myriam, Guillaume, Sébastien, Courtet, Philippe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antidepressants; Bipolar disorder; Depression; Human health and pathology; inpatients; Life Sciences; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Psychiatrics and mental health; suicidal ideation; suicide attempt; Suicides & suicide attempts
• ISSN: 0924-9338; 1778-3585
• DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.16

BackgroundSuicidal ideation (SI) is an important risk factor of death by suicide. Recent data suggest that suicidal depression (i.e., moderate to severe depression with SI) could be a specific depression subtype with worse clinical outcomes than nonsuicidal depression (i.e., without SI).MethodsAmong 898 French adult inpatients (67% women, mean age: 41.23 [SD: 14.33]) with unipolar depression, 71.94% had moderate to severe depression (defined using the cut-offs of validated scales: beck depression inventory, clinician-rated 30-item inventory depression symptomatology, and quick inventory of depressive symptomatology) and among them, 63.6% had SI according to the suicidal item (score ≥ 2) of the depression scale they filled in. Clinical features (anxiety, psychological pain, and hopelessness) were assessed at baseline. The occurrence of a suicide attempt (SA) or a suicide event (SE) (i.e., actual, aborted or interrupted SA, or hospitalization for SI) was recorded during the 1-year follow-up. The risk of actual SA and SE was compared between groups with adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsThe risk of actual SA and SE during the follow-up was 2- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in patients with suicidal depression, independently of potential cofounders such as history of lifetime SA, age, sex, and baseline depression severity.ConclusionsSuicidal depression is associated with poorer prognosis in terms of actual SA/SE, despite optimal care (i.e., care in a hospital department specialized in the management of suicidal crisis). Specific therapeutic strategies might be needed for these patients.