Estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion using spot urine samples

The present study evaluated the reliability of equations using spot urine (SU) samples in the estimation of 24-hour urine sodium excretion (24-HUNa). Equations estimating 24-HUNa from SU samples were derived from first-morning SU of 101 participants (52.4 ± 11.1 years, range 24-70 years). Equations...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2014-06, Vol.6 (6), p.2360-2375
Main Authors: Rhee, Moo-Yong, Kim, Ji-Hyun, Shin, Sung-Joon, Gu, Namyi, Nah, Deuk-Young, Hong, Kyung-Soon, Cho, Eun-Joo, Sung, Ki-Chul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
24-hour collection
Adult
Blood pressure
Cardiology
Cholesterol
Clinical trials
Creatinine
Female
Humans
Hypertension
Male
Medicine
Middle Aged
Nutrients
Reproducibility of Results
Sodium
Sodium - metabolism
Sodium - urine
sodium intake
spot urine
Urine
Urine Specimen Collection - methods
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Summary:The present study evaluated the reliability of equations using spot urine (SU) samples in the estimation of 24-hour urine sodium excretion (24-HUNa). Equations estimating 24-HUNa from SU samples were derived from first-morning SU of 101 participants (52.4 ± 11.1 years, range 24-70 years). Equations developed by us and other investigators were validated with SU samples from a separate group of participants (n = 224, 51.0 ± 10.9 years, range 24-70 years). Linear, quadratic, and cubic equations were derived from first-morning SU samples because these samples had a sodium/creatinine ratio having the highest correlation coefficient for 24-HUNa/creatinine ratio (r = 0.728, p < 0.001). In the validation group, the estimated 24-HUNa showed significant correlations with measured 24-HUNa values. The estimated 24-HUNa by the linear, quadratic, and cubic equations developed from our study were not significantly different from measured 24-HUNa, while estimated 24-HUNa by previously developed equations were significantly different from measured 24-HUNa values. The limits of agreement between measured and estimated 24-HUNa by six equations exceeded 100 mmol/24-hour in the Bland-Altman analysis. All equations showed a tendency of under- or over-estimation of 24-HUNa, depending on the level of measured 24-HUNa. Estimation of 24-HUNa from single SU by equations as tested in the present study was found to be inadequate for the estimation of an individual's 24-HUNa.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu6062360