From Carbon Calculators to Energy System Analysis in Cities

Energy systems in cities need to be decarbonized and are becoming more integrated via energy sector coupling. Today, cities often use simple methods to assess their low carbon targets, e.g., carbon calculators, and these methods use annualized carbon reduction potentials. For example, reductions fro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2019-06, Vol.12 (12), p.2307
Main Authors: Drysdale, David, Vad Mathiesen, Brian, Lund, Henrik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air transportation
Alternative energy sources
Automobiles
Biomass
Boundaries
Calculators
Cities
city
climate change
Efficiency
Electric power generation
Electric vehicles
Electricity
Emissions
Energy industry
energy planning
Geothermal power
Heat
Methods
Planning
Power plants
renewable energy
Renewable resources
Sustainability
Systems analysis
Virtual power plants
Wind power
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Summary:Energy systems in cities need to be decarbonized and are becoming more integrated via energy sector coupling. Today, cities often use simple methods to assess their low carbon targets, e.g., carbon calculators, and these methods use annualized carbon reduction potentials. For example, reductions from heat savings in buildings or fuel demand in transport. This is done because it is simple and fast. This paper describes a methodology that goes beyond carbon calculators and assesses highly renewable energy systems. The methodology is carried out for a case city—Sønderborg, Denmark. Using a national 100% renewable energy study and a suitable energy system analysis tool (EnergyPLAN), the method accounts for inter-sector coupling and energy system dynamics. The energy system is assessed by comparing the results from the analysis tool against numerous key sustainability factors for a Smart Energy System. The paper illustrates how the method delivers a sustainable 100% renewable Smart Energy System for Sønderborg, which can be part of the Danish energy system in 2050 based on local resources. The paper discusses the broader applicability of the method within strategic energy planning.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en12122307