Microbial Biosynthesis of Chrysazin Derivatives in Recombinant Escherichia coli and Their Biological Activities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-08, Vol.27 (17), p.5554
• Main Authors: Poudel, Purna Bahadur, Dhakal, Dipesh, Magar, Rubin Thapa, Sohng, Jae Kyung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthraquinone; Anthraquinones; Anthraquinones - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Biological properties; Biosynthesis; Cancer; Cell lines; Chromatography; chrysazin; Diffusion rate; Drug development; Drug resistance; E coli; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fungicides; Glucose; Humans; Leukemia; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Methicillin; Methicillin - pharmacology; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methyltransferase; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microorganisms; Minimum inhibitory concentration; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; O-methyltransferase; Particle size; Pathogens; Penicillin; rhamnosyltransferase; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus infections
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175554

Anthraquinone and its derivatives show remarkable biological properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Hence, anthraquinones derivatives have been of prime interest in drug development. This study developed a recombinant Escherichia coli strain to modify chrysazin to chrysazin-8-O-α-l-rhamnoside (CR) and chrysazin-8-O-α-l-2′-O-methylrhamnoside (CRM) using rhamnosyl transferase and sugar-O-methyltransferase. Biosynthesized CR and CRM were structurally characterized using HPLC, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and various nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Antimicrobial effects of chrysazin, CR, and CRM against 18 superbugs, including 14 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative pathogens, were investigated. CR and CRM exhibited antimicrobial activities against nine pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in a disk diffusion assay at a concentration of 40 µg per disk. There were MIC and MBC values of 7.81−31.25 µg/mL for CR and CRM against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus CCARM 0205 (MSSA) for which the parent chrysazin is more than >1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative properties of chrysazin, CR, and CRM were assayed using AGS, Huh7, HL60, and HaCaT cell lines. CR and CRM showed higher antibacterial and anticancer properties than chrysazin.