Novel Applications of Microextraction Techniques Focused on Biological and Forensic Analyses

In recent years, major attention has been focused on microextraction procedures that allow high recovery of target analytes, regardless of the complexity of the sample matrices. The most used techniques included liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextractio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Separations 2022-01, Vol.9 (1), p.18
Main Authors: D’Ovidio, Cristian, Bonelli, Martina, Rosato, Enrica, Tartaglia, Angela, Ulusoy, Halil İbrahim, Samanidou, Victoria, Furton, Kenneth G., Kabir, Abuzar, Ali, Imran, Savini, Fabio, Locatelli, Marcello, de Grazia, Ugo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Chemical properties
Chromatography
complex biological matrices
Detectors
Drugs
Fentanyl
forensic toxicology
Gas chromatography
green chemistry
Laboratories
Liquid chromatography
Liquid-liquid extraction
Mass spectrometry
microextraction techniques
Natural products
sample preparation
Scientific imaging
Solid phases
Sorbents
Toxicology
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Summary:In recent years, major attention has been focused on microextraction procedures that allow high recovery of target analytes, regardless of the complexity of the sample matrices. The most used techniques included liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), and fabric-phase sorptive extraction (FPSE). These techniques manifest a rapid development of sample preparation techniques in different fields, such as biological, environmental, food sciences, natural products, forensic medicine, and toxicology. In the biological and forensic fields, where a wide variety of drugs with different chemical properties are analyzed, the sample preparation is required to make the sample suitable for the instrumental analysis, which often includes gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass detectors or tandem mass detectors (MS/MS). In this review, we have focused our attention on the biological and forensic application of these innovative procedures, highlighting the major advantages and results that have been accomplished in laboratory and clinical practice.
ISSN:2297-8739
2297-8739
DOI:10.3390/separations9010018