Impact of hybrid immunity booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection on SARS-CoV-2 VOCs cross-neutralization

The elicitation of cross-variant neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 represents a major goal for current COVID-19 vaccine strategies. Additionally, natural infection may also contribute to broaden neutralizing responses. To assess the contribution of vaccines and natural infection, we cross-s...

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Published in:iScience 2023-04, Vol.26 (4), p.106457, Article 106457
Main Authors: Pradenas, Edwards, Marfil, Silvia, Urrea, Víctor, Trigueros, Macedonia, Pidkova, Tetyana, Pons-Grífols, Anna, Ortiz, Raquel, Rovirosa, Carla, Tarrés-Freixas, Ferran, Aguilar-Gurrieri, Carmen, Toledo, Ruth, Chamorro, Anna, Noguera-Julian, Marc, Mateu, Lourdes, Blanco, Ignacio, Grau, Eulàlia, Massanella, Marta, Carrillo, Jorge, Clotet, Bonaventura, Trinité, Benjamin, Blanco, Julià
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Immune response
Microbiology
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Summary:The elicitation of cross-variant neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 represents a major goal for current COVID-19 vaccine strategies. Additionally, natural infection may also contribute to broaden neutralizing responses. To assess the contribution of vaccines and natural infection, we cross-sectionally analyzed plasma neutralization titers of six groups of individuals, organized according to the number of vaccines they received and their SARS-CoV-2 infection history. Two doses of vaccine had a limited capacity to generate cross-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of concern (VOCs) in uninfected individuals, but efficiently synergized with previous natural immunization in convalescent individuals. In contrast, booster dose had a critical impact on broadening the cross-neutralizing response in uninfected individuals, to level similar to hybrid immunity, while still improving cross-neutralizing responses in convalescent individuals. Omicron breakthrough infection improved cross-neutralization of Omicron subvariants in non-previously infected vaccinated individuals. Therefore, ancestral Spike-based immunization, via infection or vaccination, contributes to broaden SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. [Display omitted] •Initial mRNA vaccine schedule achieved limited cross-neutralization of Omicron VOCs•Previous infection increased Omicron neutralization in vaccinated individuals•Booster vaccine had a critical impact on broadening cross-neutralizing responses•Omicron breakthrough infection further improved Omicron cross-neutralization Biochemistry; Immune response; Microbiology
ISSN:2589-0042
2589-0042
DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106457