Expansion of memory Vδ2 T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination revealed by temporal single-cell transcriptomics

γδ T cells provide rapid cellular immunity against pathogens. Here, we conducted matched single-cell RNA-sequencing and γδ-TCR-sequencing to delineate the molecular changes in γδ T cells during a longitudinal study following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. While the first dose of vaccine primes Vδ2 T c...

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Published in:npj vaccines 2024-03, Vol.9 (1), p.63-16, Article 63
Main Authors: Terzoli, Sara, Marzano, Paolo, Cazzetta, Valentina, Piazza, Rocco, Sandrock, Inga, Ravens, Sarina, Tan, Likai, Prinz, Immo, Balin, Simone, Calvi, Michela, Carletti, Anna, Cancellara, Assunta, Coianiz, Nicolò, Franzese, Sara, Frigo, Alessandro, Voza, Antonio, Calcaterra, Francesca, Di Vito, Clara, Della Bella, Silvia, Mikulak, Joanna, Mavilio, Domenico
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/250/262
631/250/590/2293
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cells
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Drug dosages
Immune response
Immunology
Infections
Infectious Diseases
Longitudinal studies
Lymphocytes
Medical Microbiology
mRNA vaccines
Pathogens
Peptides
Public Health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccine
Virology
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Summary:γδ T cells provide rapid cellular immunity against pathogens. Here, we conducted matched single-cell RNA-sequencing and γδ-TCR-sequencing to delineate the molecular changes in γδ T cells during a longitudinal study following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. While the first dose of vaccine primes Vδ2 T cells, it is the second administration that significantly boosts their immune response. Specifically, the second vaccination uncovers memory features of Vδ2 T cells, shaped by the induction of AP-1 family transcription factors and characterized by a convergent central memory signature, clonal expansion, and an enhanced effector potential. This temporally distinct effector response of Vδ2 T cells was also confirmed in vitro upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike-peptides. Indeed, the second challenge triggers a significantly higher production of IFNγ by Vδ2 T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might benefit from the establishment of long-lasting central memory Vδ2 T cells to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ISSN:2059-0105
2059-0105
DOI:10.1038/s41541-024-00853-9