Retinitis Pigmentosa: Burden of Disease and Current Unmet Needs

• Published in: Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) N.Z.), 2022-01, Vol.16, p.1993-2010
• Main Authors: Cross, Nancy, van Steen, Cécile, Zegaoui, Yasmina, Satherley, Andrew, Angelillo, Luigi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis; burden of disease; Diabetic retinopathy; Epidemiology; Gene loci; Health aspects; Literature reviews; Macular degeneration; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mitochondrial DNA; Mutation; Ophthalmology; Pathophysiology; Patients; Photoreceptors; Physicians; Qualitative research; Retina; retinal dystrophy; Retinitis pigmentosa; Systematic review; treatment; visual impairment
• ISSN: 1177-5467; 1177-5483; 1177-5483
• DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S365486

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterised by progressive vision loss, is the leading cause of visual disability and blindness in subjects less than 60 years old. Currently incurable, therapy is aimed at restricting degeneration of vision, treating complications, and helping patients to cope with the psychosocial impact of their disease. Hence, RP is associated with a high burden of disease. This paper describes the current therapeutic landscape for RP and the disease burden for patients, caregivers, and society. A review of available data was conducted in three stages: (1) a literature search of publicly available information on all domains of RP; (2) a systematic literature review using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature (GlobalData) on epidemiology and cost of RP; and (3) qualitative research with senior physicians treating RP patients in the EU4 and the UK to validate research findings from secondary sources. RP severely impacts the daily lives of over a million people worldwide. Progressive vision loss significantly affects the ability to perform basic daily tasks, to maintain employment, and maintain independence. Consequently, most patients will experience reduced quality of life, with a greater emotional and psychological impact than other conditions related to vision loss such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. RP is also associated with a high level of carer burden, arising from psychological and financial stress. The therapeutic landscape for RP is limited, with few treatment options and minimal guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients. A curative intervention, voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna ), only exists for 1-6% of patients. Although disease management can be successful in developing coping strategies, most patients live with this chronic, progressive condition without interventions to change the disease course. Innovative new therapies can transform the therapeutic landscape, provided appropriate clinical guidance is forthcoming.