The use of feed additives to reduce the effects of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol on pig growth, organ health and immune status during chronic exposure

Three feed additives were tested to improve the growth and health of pigs chronically challenged with aflatoxin (AF) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Gilts (n = 225, 8.8 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to five treatments: CON (uncontaminated control); MT (contaminated with 150 µg/kg AF and 1100 µg/kg DON); A (MT +...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2013-07, Vol.5 (7), p.1261-1281
Main Authors: Weaver, Alexandra C, See, M Todd, Hansen, Jeff A, Kim, Yong B, De Souza, Anna L P, Middleton, Teena F, Kim, Sung Woo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aflatoxin
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins - toxicity
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Clay
clays
deoxynivalenol
Edetic Acid - blood
Feed additives
Food Additives - chemistry
Food Contamination - analysis
Food Microbiology
Immune status
Immune system
Immune System - drug effects
Liver - drug effects
Liver - growth & development
Mycotoxins
Organ Size - drug effects
pigs
Pollution control
Swine
Swine - growth & development
Swine - immunology
Trichothecenes - toxicity
yeast
Yeasts
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Summary:Three feed additives were tested to improve the growth and health of pigs chronically challenged with aflatoxin (AF) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Gilts (n = 225, 8.8 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to five treatments: CON (uncontaminated control); MT (contaminated with 150 µg/kg AF and 1100 µg/kg DON); A (MT + a clay additive); B (MT + a clay and dried yeast additive); and C (MT + a clay and yeast culture additive). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (ADFI) were recorded for 42 days, blood collected for immune analysis and tissue samples to measure damage. Feeding mycotoxins tended to decrease ADG and altered the immune system through a tendency to increase monocytes and immunoglobulins. Mycotoxins caused tissue damage in the form of liver bile ductule hyperplasia and karyomegaly. The additives in diets A and B reduced mycotoxin effects on the immune system and the liver and showed some ability to improve growth. The diet C additive played a role in reducing liver damage. Collectively, we conclude that AF and DON can be harmful to the growth and health of pigs consuming mycotoxins chronically. The selected feed additives improved pig health and may play a role in pig growth.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins5071261