Novel Bioactive and Antibacterial Acrylic Bone Cement Nanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2019-06, Vol.20 (12), p.2938
• Main Authors: Valencia Zapata, Mayra Eliana, Mina Hernandez, José Herminsul, Grande Tovar, Carlos David, Valencia Llano, Carlos Humberto, Diaz Escobar, José Alfredo, Vázquez-Lasa, Blanca, San Román, Julio, Rojo, Luis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acrylic bone cement; Alginates; Alginic acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Bioactive compounds; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Biodegradation; Biological activity; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone cements; Bone Cements - chemistry; Bone Cements - pharmacology; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Bone implants; Calcium compounds; Calcium phosphates; Cartilage; Cell Survival; Cement; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; Coliforms; Cytotoxicity; Functional groups; Grafting; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Graphene; graphene oxide; Graphite; Graphite - chemistry; Growth factors; Humans; Hyaluronic acid; Hybridization; Hydroxyapatite; Intervertebral discs; Mechanical Phenomena; Mechanical properties; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Morphology; nanocomposite; Nanocomposites; Nanocomposites - chemistry; Nanocomposites - ultrastructure; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Orthopedics; Polylactic acid; Polymerization; Prostheses; Regeneration; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum analysis; Thermogravimetry; Tissue engineering; Transplants & implants; X-Ray Diffraction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122938

Acrylic bone cements (ABCs) have played a key role in orthopedic surgery mainly in arthroplasties, but their use is increasingly extending to other applications, such as remodeling of cancerous bones, cranioplasties, and vertebroplasties. However, these materials present some limitations related to their inert behavior and the risk of infection after implantation, which leads to a lack of attachment and makes necessary new surgical interventions. In this research, the physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of ABCs modified with chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression resistance, mechanical dynamic analysis (DMA), hydrolytic degradation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with human osteoblasts (HOb), and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria were used to characterize the ABCs. The results revealed good dispersion of GO nanosheets in the ABCs. GO provided an increase in antibacterial activity, roughness, and flexural behavior, while CS generated porosity, increased the rate of degradation, and decreased compression properties. All ABCs were not cytotoxic and support good cell viability of HOb. The novel formulation of ABCs containing GO and CS simultaneously, increased the thermal stability, flexural modulus, antibacterial behavior, and osteogenic activity, which gives it a high potential for its uses in orthopedic applications.