Bioactive Molecular Networking for Mapping the Antimicrobial Constituents of the Baltic Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus

The brown alga is common to the intertidal zones of the Baltic Sea, where it is exposed to high fouling pressures by microorganisms. Our previous studies showed, repeatedly, the consistent antimicrobial activity of crude extracts against human pathogens, while untargeted metabolomics analyses have r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine drugs 2020-06, Vol.18 (6), p.311
Main Authors: Buedenbender, Larissa, Astone, Francesca Anna, Tasdemir, Deniz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
antimicrobial
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
Bioactive compounds
bioactive molecular networking
Biological activity
brown alga
Butanol
Carotenoids
Cell walls
Chlorophyll
Disease resistance
Fucus - metabolism
Fucus vesiculosus
Galactolipids
Glycerol
Gram-positive bacteria
in silico dereplication
Intertidal environment
Intertidal zone
Mapping
Membranes
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Microorganisms
n-Hexane
Networking
Oceans and Seas
Pathogens
Staphylococcus infections
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Summary:The brown alga is common to the intertidal zones of the Baltic Sea, where it is exposed to high fouling pressures by microorganisms. Our previous studies showed, repeatedly, the consistent antimicrobial activity of crude extracts against human pathogens, while untargeted metabolomics analyses have revealed a variety of metabolites. In this study, we applied the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS-based "bioactive molecular networking" (BMN) concept on the most bioactive hexane and -butanol subextracts of Baltic coupled with in silico dereplication tools to identify the compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity. The first antimicrobial cluster identified by BMN was galactolipids. Our targeted isolation efforts for this class led to the isolation of six monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) derivatives ( - ) and one digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG, ). The MGDGs and and the DGDG exhibited activity against The second compound class with high bioactivity was phlorotannins. In particular, phlorethol-type phlorotannins showed high correlations with antimicrobial activity based on the BMN approach, and two phlorotannins ( - ) were isolated. This study shows that antimicrobial components of reside in the algal cell walls and membranes and that BMN provides a complementary tool for the targeted isolation of bioactive metabolites.
ISSN:1660-3397
1660-3397
DOI:10.3390/md18060311