Haemophilus influenzae drug resistance in France from 2017 to 2021: consideration for treatment of otitis media

• Published in: Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. 2022-12, Vol.31, p.222-227
• Main Authors: Taha, Anas, Adeline, Florence, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute otitis media; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination - pharmacology; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination - therapeutic use; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Life Sciences; microbial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media - drug therapy; Otitis Media - microbiology; Primary health care; Sulfamethoxazole - therapeutic use; Trimethoprim - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 2213-7165; 2213-7173
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.09.008

•Amoxicillin is used as a first choice in bacterial acute otitis media•Haemophilus influenzae is now a leading cause of acute otitis media•H. influenzae now show a high level of resistance to amoxicillin (61.4%)•Alternative choices are needed according to the bacterial resistance profiles Haemophilus influenzae is a prevalent agent of respiratory infections, including acute otitis media (AOM), that lead to high antibiotic prescription and may contribute to the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The objective of this work was to describe and analyse antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae from 2017 to 2021 in France. We characterized H. influenzae isolates transmitted to the French national reference centre for H. influenzae between 2017 and 2021. We included all the 608 non-invasive respiratory isolates. Resistance rates to the main antibiotics were described. The relationship between resistance rate, age, and sex of patients and germ serotype was investigated. Isolates were mainly from alveolar lavage (29.3%), expectoration (22.9%), or sputum (15%). Resistance to amoxicillin (61.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47.4%), and cefotaxime (39.3%) was high and correlated with the presence of β-lactamase and/or modifications of the ftsI gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 3. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (33.2%) was more moderate. There were no significant differences according to serotype, age, or gender. The benefit/risk balance of first choice use of amoxicillin and even of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in AOM is questionable in view of the significant resistance to H. influenzae. The use of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim could be an alternative but may still need further evaluation.