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Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players
This study aimed to compare the effects of 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1 × 1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations on a playing...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2023-03, Vol.13 (1), p.3510-10, Article 3510 |
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| creator | Kryściak, Jakub Podgórski, Tomasz Chmura, Paweł Konefał, Marek Chmura, Jan Brazaitis, Marius Modric, Toni Andrzejewski, Marcin |
| description | This study aimed to compare the effects of 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1 × 1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations on a playing field of 10 by 15 m. ITL indices, including the percentage of maximum heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) level, pH, bicarbonate (HCO
3
−
) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume (large effect) but a lower training intensity (small to large effect) than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect (
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-023-30646-4 |
| format | article |
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3
−
) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume (large effect) but a lower training intensity (small to large effect) than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect (
p
< 0.05) was observed in all ITL indices and a significant group effect (F
1, 18
= 8.84,
p
= 0.0082, ƞ
2
= 0.33) in the HCO
3
−
level only. Finally, the changes in the HR and HCO
3
−
level were smaller in the 45 s SSGs than in the 30 s SSGs. In conclusion, 30-s games, characterized by a higher intensity of training effort, are more physiologically demanding than 45-s games. Secondly during short-bout SSG training the HR and BLa level have limited diagnostic value for ITL. Extending ITL monitoring using other indicators, such as the HCO
3
−
and BE levels, appears reasonable.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30646-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/443 ; 631/45 ; Acids ; Athletes ; Bicarbonates ; Exercise ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Heart rate ; Homeostasis ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Lactic acid ; Metabolism ; multidisciplinary ; Physical education ; Physical fitness ; Physical training ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Soccer ; Training</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2023-03, Vol.13 (1), p.3510-10, Article 3510</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2744-200389fa3925c8670d546db45a1b6148e846342a809d21779c30c020292a1ac23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2744-200389fa3925c8670d546db45a1b6148e846342a809d21779c30c020292a1ac23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2781427824/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2781427824?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kryściak, Jakub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podgórski, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chmura, Paweł</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konefał, Marek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chmura, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazaitis, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Modric, Toni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrzejewski, Marcin</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>This study aimed to compare the effects of 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1 × 1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations on a playing field of 10 by 15 m. ITL indices, including the percentage of maximum heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) level, pH, bicarbonate (HCO
3
−
) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume (large effect) but a lower training intensity (small to large effect) than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect (
p
< 0.05) was observed in all ITL indices and a significant group effect (F
1, 18
= 8.84,
p
= 0.0082, ƞ
2
= 0.33) in the HCO
3
−
level only. Finally, the changes in the HR and HCO
3
−
level were smaller in the 45 s SSGs than in the 30 s SSGs. In conclusion, 30-s games, characterized by a higher intensity of training effort, are more physiologically demanding than 45-s games. Secondly during short-bout SSG training the HR and BLa level have limited diagnostic value for ITL. Extending ITL monitoring using other indicators, such as the HCO
3
−
and BE levels, appears reasonable.</description><subject>631/443</subject><subject>631/45</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Physical education</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Physical training</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Training</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFvGyEQhVdRK9VK8wd6QsqZBgZ2F46R5baWLPXSntEsO-vgrBcX1gf_--JslOZUDoCG974Z9KrqixRfpVDmIWtZW8MFKK5Eoxuub6oVCF1zUAAf3t0_VXc5H0RZNVgt7aoKm2EgP2cWB5afYppZF88zy0ccR55DTz3b45HYnDBMYdqzODH0oecdZmIdjjh5YkdMz5QyCxO7FPtTKYzEcvSeEjuNeCmPn6uPA46Z7l7P2-r3t82v9Q---_l9u37ccQ-t1hxE-ZIdUFmovWla0de66Ttdo-waqQ0Z3SgNaITtQbat9Up4AQIsoEQP6rbaLtw-4sGdUijDXVzE4F4KMe0dpjn4kRwNJG3hQyc73ZI3wpSeYrCyqcl4UVj3C-uU4p8z5dkd4jlNZXwHrZG6bKCLChaVTzHnRMNbVyncNSG3JORKQu4lIXc1qcWUi3jaU_qH_o_rL8X5kXQ</recordid><startdate>20230302</startdate><enddate>20230302</enddate><creator>Kryściak, Jakub</creator><creator>Podgórski, Tomasz</creator><creator>Chmura, Paweł</creator><creator>Konefał, Marek</creator><creator>Chmura, Jan</creator><creator>Brazaitis, Marius</creator><creator>Modric, Toni</creator><creator>Andrzejewski, Marcin</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Nature Portfolio</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230302</creationdate><title>Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players</title><author>Kryściak, Jakub ; Podgórski, Tomasz ; Chmura, Paweł ; Konefał, Marek ; Chmura, Jan ; Brazaitis, Marius ; Modric, Toni ; Andrzejewski, Marcin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2744-200389fa3925c8670d546db45a1b6148e846342a809d21779c30c020292a1ac23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>631/443</topic><topic>631/45</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Lactic acid</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Physical education</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Physical training</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Soccer</topic><topic>Training</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kryściak, Jakub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podgórski, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chmura, Paweł</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konefał, Marek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chmura, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazaitis, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Modric, Toni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrzejewski, Marcin</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kryściak, Jakub</au><au>Podgórski, Tomasz</au><au>Chmura, Paweł</au><au>Konefał, Marek</au><au>Chmura, Jan</au><au>Brazaitis, Marius</au><au>Modric, Toni</au><au>Andrzejewski, Marcin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><date>2023-03-02</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>3510</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>3510-10</pages><artnum>3510</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>This study aimed to compare the effects of 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1 × 1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations on a playing field of 10 by 15 m. ITL indices, including the percentage of maximum heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) level, pH, bicarbonate (HCO
3
−
) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume (large effect) but a lower training intensity (small to large effect) than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect (
p
< 0.05) was observed in all ITL indices and a significant group effect (F
1, 18
= 8.84,
p
= 0.0082, ƞ
2
= 0.33) in the HCO
3
−
level only. Finally, the changes in the HR and HCO
3
−
level were smaller in the 45 s SSGs than in the 30 s SSGs. In conclusion, 30-s games, characterized by a higher intensity of training effort, are more physiologically demanding than 45-s games. Secondly during short-bout SSG training the HR and BLa level have limited diagnostic value for ITL. Extending ITL monitoring using other indicators, such as the HCO
3
−
and BE levels, appears reasonable.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><doi>10.1038/s41598-023-30646-4</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/443 631/45 Acids Athletes Bicarbonates Exercise Global positioning systems GPS Heart rate Homeostasis Humanities and Social Sciences Lactic acid Metabolism multidisciplinary Physical education Physical fitness Physical training Science Science (multidisciplinary) Soccer Training |
| title | Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players |
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