Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte- Derived Exosomes

Repetitive stress negatively affects several brain functions and neuronal networks. Moreover, adult neurogenesis is consistently impaired in chronic stress models and in associated human diseases such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, while it is restored by effective antidepressant treat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem Cells International 2017-01, Vol.2017 (2017), p.240-252-019
Main Authors: Henzi, Roberto, Lafourcade, Carlos, Bátiz, Luis Federico, Caviedes, Ariel, Cisternas, Pablo, Luarte, Alejandro, Wyneken, Ursula
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Astrocytes
Bipolar disorder
Brain
Cell growth
Cell interactions
Cell proliferation
Cell signaling
Cells (biology)
Cellular signal transduction
Endothelial cells
Exosomes
Gene expression
Glucocorticoids
Mental depression
Microglia
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Narcotics
Neural networks
Neural stem cells
Neuroblasts
Neurogenesis
Neuromodulation
Pericytes
Peripheral blood
Review
Rodents
Stem cells
Stress
Stress response
Stresses
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Summary:Repetitive stress negatively affects several brain functions and neuronal networks. Moreover, adult neurogenesis is consistently impaired in chronic stress models and in associated human diseases such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, while it is restored by effective antidepressant treatments. The adult neurogenic niche contains neural progenitor cells in addition to amplifying progenitors, neuroblasts, immature and mature neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. Because of their particular and crucial position, with their end feet enwrapping endothelial cells and their close communication with the cells of the niche, astrocytes might constitute a nodal point to bridge or transduce systemic stress signals from peripheral blood, such as glucocorticoids, to the cells involved in the neurogenic process. It has been proposed that communication between astrocytes and niche cells depends on direct cell-cell contacts and soluble mediators. In addition, new evidence suggests that this communication might be mediated by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, and in particular, by their miRNA cargo. Here, we address some of the latest findings regarding the impact of stress in the biology of the neurogenic niche, and postulate how astrocytic exosomes (and miRNAs) may play a fundamental role in such phenomenon.
ISSN:1687-966X
1687-9678
1687-9678
DOI:10.1155/2017/1719050