A novel CpG ODN compound adjuvant enhances immune response to spike subunit vaccines of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) boost the humoral and cellular immune responses to antigens through interaction with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These CpG ODNs have been extensively utilized in human vaccines. In our study, we evaluated five B-type CpG ODNs that have stimulatory effects on pig...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024, Vol.15, p.1336239-1336239
Main Authors: Wang, Yating, Liu, Shijia, Li, Boshuo, Sun, Xinyao, Pan, Qi, Zheng, Yuxin, Liu, Jia, Zhao, Yongqiang, Wang, Jingyu, Liu, Liming, Du, Enqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
Animals
compound adjuvant
CpG ODN
Humans
immune response
Immunity
Immunology
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Mice
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
PEDV
Polysorbates
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Squalene
subunit vaccine
Swine
Vaccines, Subunit
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Summary:CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) boost the humoral and cellular immune responses to antigens through interaction with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These CpG ODNs have been extensively utilized in human vaccines. In our study, we evaluated five B-type CpG ODNs that have stimulatory effects on pigs by measuring the proliferation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assessing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. Furthermore, this study examined the immunoenhancing effects of the MF59 and CpG ODNs compound adjuvant in mouse and piglet models of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) subunit vaccine administration. The screening revealed that the CpG ODN named CpG5 significantly stimulated the proliferation of porcine PBMCs and elevated IFN-γ secretion levels. In the mouse vaccination model, CpG5 compound adjuvant significantly bolstered the humoral and cellular immune responses to the PEDV subunit vaccines, leading to Th1 immune responses characterized by increased IFN-γ and IgG2a levels. In piglets, the neutralizing antibody titer was significantly enhanced with CpG5 compound adjuvant, alongside a considerable increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes proportion. The combination of MF59 adjuvant and CpG5 exhibits a synergistic effect, resulting in an earlier, more intense, and long-lasting immune response in subunit vaccines for PEDV. This combination holds significant promise as a robust candidate for the development of vaccine adjuvant.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336239