Identifying Novel Data-Driven Dietary Patterns via Dimensionality Reduction and Associations with Socioeconomic Profile and Health Outcomes in Ireland

Dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) play a significant role in the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, including Ireland. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across Ireland to collate respondents' socioeconomic profiles,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2023-07, Vol.15 (14), p.3256
Main Authors: Burke, Daniel T, Bennett, Annemarie E, Hynds, Paul, Priyadarshini, Anushree
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
BMI
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular disease
COVID-19
Cross-Sectional Studies
Demographics
Diabetes
Diet
dietary patterns
Education
Feeding Behavior
Food
Food habits
Health aspects
Humans
Hypertension
Ireland
Mortality
noncommunicable diseases
Nutrition research
Obesity
Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Overweight
Personal health
principal component analysis
Questionnaires
Self report
Sociodemographics
Socioeconomic Factors
Vegetables
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Summary:Dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) play a significant role in the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, including Ireland. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across Ireland to collate respondents' socioeconomic profiles, health status, and dietary patterns with a representative sample size of 957 adult respondents. Principal component analysis (PCA) and statistical analyses were subsequently employed. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to use recent (2021) nationally representative data to characterise dietary patterns in Ireland via dimensionality reduction. Five distinct dietary patterns ("meat-focused", "dairy/ovo-focused", "vegetable-focused", "seafood-focused", and "potato-focused") were identified and statistically characterised. The "potato-focused" group exhibited the highest mean BMI (26.88 kg/m ), while the "vegetable-focused" group had the lowest (24.68 kg/m ). "Vegetable-focused" respondents were more likely to be associated with a categorically healthy BMI (OR = 1.90) and urban residency (OR = 2.03). Conversely, "meat-focused" respondents were more likely to have obesity (OR = 1.46) and rural residency (OR = 1.72) along with the "potato-focused" group (OR = 2.15). Results show that data-derived dietary patterns may better predict health outcomes than self-reported dietary patterns, and transitioning to diets focusing on vegetables, seafood, and lower meat consumption may improve health.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15143256