The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Metabolism and Endocrinology

Each cell in a multicellular organism has its own phenotype despite sharing the same genome. Epigenetics is a somatic, heritable pattern of gene expression or cellular phenotype mediated by structural changes in chromatin that occur without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification is an im...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-02, Vol.12 (2), p.256
Main Authors: Sibuh, Belay Zeleke, Quazi, Sameer, Panday, Hrithika, Parashar, Ritika, Jha, Niraj Kumar, Mathur, Runjhun, Jha, Saurabh Kumar, Taneja, Pankaj, Jha, Abhimanyu Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cancer
Catalysis
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Cofactors
DNA methylation
DNA sequencing
Endocrine disorders
Endocrine disruptors
Endocrine system
Endocrinology
Energy balance
Energy metabolism
Enzymes
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Genomics
histone modification
Immune response
Kinases
Metabolites
MicroRNAs
Nucleotide sequence
Nucleotide sequencing
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Physiological aspects
Review
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Summary:Each cell in a multicellular organism has its own phenotype despite sharing the same genome. Epigenetics is a somatic, heritable pattern of gene expression or cellular phenotype mediated by structural changes in chromatin that occur without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification is an important factor in determining the level and timing of gene expression in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. There is also growing evidence concerning the interaction between epigenetics and metabolism. Accordingly, several enzymes that consume vital metabolites as substrates or cofactors are used during the catalysis of epigenetic modification. Therefore, altered metabolism might lead to diseases and pathogenesis, including endocrine disorders and cancer. In addition, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic modification influences the endocrine system and immune response-related pathways. In this regard, epigenetic modification may impact the levels of hormones that are important in regulating growth, development, reproduction, energy balance, and metabolism. Altering the function of the endocrine system has negative health consequences. Furthermore, endocrine disruptors (EDC) have a significant impact on the endocrine system, causing the abnormal functioning of hormones and their receptors, resulting in various diseases and disorders. Overall, this review focuses on the impact of epigenetics on the endocrine system and its interaction with metabolism.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology12020256