HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in Celiac disease predisposition: practical implications of the HLA molecular typing

Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disorder with an estimated prevalence in Europe and USA of 1:100 and a female:male ratio of approximately 2:1. The disorder has a multifactorial etiology in which the triggering environmental factor, the gluten, and the main genetic factors, Human Leukocyte An...

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Published in:Journal of biomedical science 2012-10, Vol.19 (1), p.88-88
Main Authors: Megiorni, Francesca, Pizzuti, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - complications
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Celiac disease
Celiac Disease - complications
Celiac Disease - epidemiology
Celiac Disease - genetics
Cell adhesion & migration
Chromosomes
Development and progression
Diet
Disease
Disease risk
Europe
Family
Fatty acids
Female
Genetic counseling
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic screening
Genetic Testing
Genetics
Genomes
Gluten
Haplotypes
Health risk assessment
Histocompatibility antigens
HLA histocompatibility antigens
HLA typing
HLA-DQ alpha-Chains - genetics
HLA-DQ beta-Chains - genetics
HLA-DQA1
HLA-DQB1
Humans
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Multiple sclerosis
Proteins
Review
Risk Factors
United States
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description Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disorder with an estimated prevalence in Europe and USA of 1:100 and a female:male ratio of approximately 2:1. The disorder has a multifactorial etiology in which the triggering environmental factor, the gluten, and the main genetic factors, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 loci, are well known. About 90-95% of CD patients carry DQ2.5 heterodimers, encoded by DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles both in cis or in trans configuration, and DQ8 molecules, encoded by DQB1*03:02 generally in combination with DQA1*03 variant. Less frequently, CD occurs in individuals positive for the DQ2.x heterodimers (DQA1≠*05 and DQB1*02) and very rarely in patients negative for these DQ predisposing markers. HLA molecular typing for Celiac disease is, therefore, a genetic test with a negative predictive value. Nevertheless, it is an important tool able to discriminate individuals genetically susceptible to CD, especially in at-risk groups such as first-degree relatives (parents, siblings and offspring) of patients and in presence of autoimmune conditions (type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis) or specific genetic disorders (Down, Turner or Williams syndromes).
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The disorder has a multifactorial etiology in which the triggering environmental factor, the gluten, and the main genetic factors, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 loci, are well known. About 90-95% of CD patients carry DQ2.5 heterodimers, encoded by DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles both in cis or in trans configuration, and DQ8 molecules, encoded by DQB1*03:02 generally in combination with DQA1*03 variant. Less frequently, CD occurs in individuals positive for the DQ2.x heterodimers (DQA1≠*05 and DQB1*02) and very rarely in patients negative for these DQ predisposing markers. HLA molecular typing for Celiac disease is, therefore, a genetic test with a negative predictive value. Nevertheless, it is an important tool able to discriminate individuals genetically susceptible to CD, especially in at-risk groups such as first-degree relatives (parents, siblings and offspring) of patients and in presence of autoimmune conditions (type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis) or specific genetic disorders (Down, Turner or Williams syndromes).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1423-0127</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1021-7770</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1423-0127</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-88</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23050549</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Autoimmune diseases ; Autoimmune Diseases - complications ; Autoimmune Diseases - genetics ; Celiac disease ; Celiac Disease - complications ; Celiac Disease - epidemiology ; Celiac Disease - genetics ; Cell adhesion &amp; migration ; Chromosomes ; Development and progression ; Diet ; Disease ; Disease risk ; Europe ; Family ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Genetic counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic screening ; Genetic Testing ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Gluten ; Haplotypes ; Health risk assessment ; Histocompatibility antigens ; HLA histocompatibility antigens ; HLA typing ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains - genetics ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains - genetics ; HLA-DQA1 ; HLA-DQB1 ; Humans ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Multiple sclerosis ; Proteins ; Review ; Risk Factors ; United States</subject><ispartof>Journal of biomedical science, 2012-10, Vol.19 (1), p.88-88</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2012 Megiorni and Pizzuti; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 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The disorder has a multifactorial etiology in which the triggering environmental factor, the gluten, and the main genetic factors, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 loci, are well known. About 90-95% of CD patients carry DQ2.5 heterodimers, encoded by DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles both in cis or in trans configuration, and DQ8 molecules, encoded by DQB1*03:02 generally in combination with DQA1*03 variant. Less frequently, CD occurs in individuals positive for the DQ2.x heterodimers (DQA1≠*05 and DQB1*02) and very rarely in patients negative for these DQ predisposing markers. HLA molecular typing for Celiac disease is, therefore, a genetic test with a negative predictive value. 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subjects Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - complications
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Celiac disease
Celiac Disease - complications
Celiac Disease - epidemiology
Celiac Disease - genetics
Cell adhesion & migration
Chromosomes
Development and progression
Diet
Disease
Disease risk
Europe
Family
Fatty acids
Female
Genetic counseling
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic screening
Genetic Testing
Genetics
Genomes
Gluten
Haplotypes
Health risk assessment
Histocompatibility antigens
HLA histocompatibility antigens
HLA typing
HLA-DQ alpha-Chains - genetics
HLA-DQ beta-Chains - genetics
HLA-DQA1
HLA-DQB1
Humans
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Multiple sclerosis
Proteins
Review
Risk Factors
United States
title HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in Celiac disease predisposition: practical implications of the HLA molecular typing
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