The Potential of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Enhance Crop Performance on Adverse Soil Conditions

Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because the major staple food crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed to maintain the actual yield of crops, using traditional breeding and innovative...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2023-05, Vol.12 (9), p.1892
Main Authors: Gajardo, Humberto A, Gómez-Espinoza, Olman, Boscariol Ferreira, Pedro, Carrer, Helaine, Bravo, León A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
abiotic stress
Agricultural management
Climate change
Climatic changes
CRISPR
Crop yield
Crops
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Domestication
Drought
Environmental aspects
extremophytes
Farming systems
Floods
Food
Food security
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Global climate
Heavy metals
Methods
Molecular modelling
Mutation
Plant breeding
Plant genetic engineering
Rain
Review
Salinity
Soil conditions
Soils
Technology
Transgenic plants
Waterlogging
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Summary:Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because the major staple food crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed to maintain the actual yield of crops, using traditional breeding and innovative molecular techniques to assist them. However, additional strategies are necessary to achieve the future food demand. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology, as well as its variants, have emerged as alternatives to transgenic plant breeding. This novelty has helped to accelerate the necessary modifications in major crops to confront the impact of abiotic stress on agriculture systems. This review summarizes the current advances in CRISPR/Cas applications in crops to deal with the main hostile soil conditions, such as drought, flooding and waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient deficiencies. In addition, the potential of extremophytes as a reservoir of new molecular mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance, as well as their orthologue identification and edition in crops, is shown. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects related to CRISPR/Cas technology issues, legal regulations, and customer acceptance will be discussed.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants12091892