Emerging Antioxidant Paradigm of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been under investigation as potential treatments for a diverse range of diseases, and many animal and clinical trials have achieved encouraging results. However, it is well known that the biological activity of the exosomes is key to their therapeutic prop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) 2021-11, Vol.12, p.727272-727272
Main Authors: Xia, Chen, Dai, Zhanqiu, Jin, Yongming, Chen, Pengfei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants - metabolism
Endocrinology
exosome
Exosomes - metabolism
Exosomes - transplantation
Humans
inflammation
mesenchymal stem cell
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - trends
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Therapies, Investigational - methods
Therapies, Investigational - trends
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Summary:Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been under investigation as potential treatments for a diverse range of diseases, and many animal and clinical trials have achieved encouraging results. However, it is well known that the biological activity of the exosomes is key to their therapeutic properties; however, till date, it has not been completely understood. Previous studies have provided different explanations of therapeutic mechanisms of the exosomes, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-aging mechanisms. The pathological effects of oxidative stress often include organ damage, inflammation, and disorders of material and energy metabolism. The evidence gathered from research involving animal models indicates that exosomes have antioxidant properties, which can also explain their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we have summarized the antioxidant effects of exosomes in and models, and have evaluated the anti-oxidant mechanisms of exosomes by demonstrating a direct reduction in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotion of intracellular defence of anti-oxidative stress, immunomodulation by inhibiting excess ROS, and alteration of mitochondrial performance. Exosomes exert their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the redox environment and oxidative stress, which explains the therapeutic effects of exosomes in a variety of diseases, mechanisms that can be well preserved among different species.
ISSN:1664-2392
1664-2392
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.727272