COVID-19 Infodemic and Impacts on the Mental Health of Older People: Cross-sectional Multicenter Survey Study

• Published in: JMIR aging 2023-05, Vol.6, p.e42707-e42707
• Main Authors: Braz, Patricia Rodrigues, Moreira, Tiago Ricardo, Ribeiro, Andréia Queiroz, de Faria, Luciane Ribeiro, Carbogim, Fabio da Costa, Püschel, Vilanice Alves de Araújo, Fhon, Jack Roberto Silva, Freitas, Eduarda Rezende, Pinto, Ione Carvalho, Zacharias, Fabiana Costa Machado, Cruz, Gylce Eloisa Cabreira Panitz, Machado, Richardson Miranda, Santana, Rosimere Ferreira, de Souza, Priscilla Alfradique, Bitencourt, Graziele Ribeiro, Bulgarelli, Alexandre Favero, Cavalcante, Ricardo Bezerra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; COVID-19; Data collection; Ethics; False information; Geriatrics; Illiteracy; Internet access; Medical research; Mental disorders; Mental health; Older people; Original Paper; Pandemics; Public health; Social networks; Sociodemographics; Stress; Variables; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 2561-7605; 2561-7605
• DOI: 10.2196/42707

The COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary "infodemic" that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people's reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. We aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. Major proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that "some" social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P