In the Right Place at the Right Time: miRNAs as Key Regulators in Developing Axons

During neuronal circuit formation, axons progressively develop into a presynaptic compartment aided by extracellular signals. Axons display a remarkably high degree of autonomy supported in part by a local translation machinery that permits the subcellular production of proteins required for their d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-11, Vol.21 (22), p.8726
Main Authors: Corradi, Eloina, Baudet, Marie-Laure
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autonomy
axonal compartment
Axonogenesis
Axons
Axons - metabolism
Brain
Datasets
Gene expression
Gene Expression Profiling - methods
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Regulatory Networks
Humans
local translation
MicroRNAs - genetics
miRNA
miRNA localization
miRNA trafficking
neural development
Neurons
Neurons - metabolism
Protein Biosynthesis - genetics
Proteins
Regulators
Review
Reviews
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Translation
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Summary:During neuronal circuit formation, axons progressively develop into a presynaptic compartment aided by extracellular signals. Axons display a remarkably high degree of autonomy supported in part by a local translation machinery that permits the subcellular production of proteins required for their development. Here, we review the latest findings showing that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of this machinery, orchestrating the spatiotemporal regulation of local translation in response to cues. We first survey the current efforts toward unraveling the axonal miRNA repertoire through miRNA profiling, and we reveal the presence of a putative axonal miRNA signature. We also provide an overview of the molecular underpinnings of miRNA action. Our review of the available experimental evidence delineates two broad paradigms: cue-induced relief of miRNA-mediated inhibition, leading to bursts of protein translation, and cue-induced miRNA activation, which results in reduced protein production. Overall, this review highlights how a decade of intense investigation has led to a new appreciation of miRNAs as key elements of the local translation regulatory network controlling axon development.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21228726