PET Neuroimaging of Alzheimer's Disease: Radiotracers and Their Utility in Clinical Research

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and exerting tremendous socioeconomic burden on all societies. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is often made in the presence of clinical manifes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2021-05, Vol.13, p.624330-624330
Main Authors: Bao, Weiqi, Xie, Fang, Zuo, Chuantao, Guan, Yihui, Huang, Yiyun Henry
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amnesia
Brain research
clinical research
Clinical trials
Cognitive ability
Cytotoxicity
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Glucose metabolism
Inflammation
Medical imaging
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurofibrillary tangles
Neuroimaging
Neuropathology
Neuroscience
Neurotoxicity
Pathology
Peptides
PET
Positron emission tomography
Protein folding
Quantitative analysis
radiotracer
Retention
Synaptic vesicles
β-Amyloid
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Summary:Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and exerting tremendous socioeconomic burden on all societies. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is often made in the presence of clinical manifestations in late stages, it is now universally believed that AD is a continuum of disease commencing from the preclinical stage with typical neuropathological alterations appearing decades prior to its first symptom, to the prodromal stage with slight symptoms of amnesia (amnestic mild cognitive impairment, aMCI), and then to the terminal stage with extensive loss of basic cognitive functions, i.e., AD-dementia. Positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers have been developed in a search to meet the increasing clinical need of early detection and treatment monitoring for AD, with reference to the pathophysiological targets in Alzheimer's brain. These include the pathological aggregations of misfolded proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ) plagues and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), impaired neurotransmitter system, neuroinflammation, as well as deficient synaptic vesicles and glucose utilization. In this article we survey the various PET radiotracers available for AD imaging and discuss their clinical applications especially in terms of early detection and cognitive relevance.
ISSN:1663-4365
1663-4365
DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2021.624330