Lung ultrasound assessment of atelectasis following different anesthesia induction techniques in pediatric patients: a propensity score-matched, observational study

Atelectasis is a well-documented complication in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. Its incidence varies significantly based on surgical procedures and anesthesia techniques. Inhalation induction, commonly used to avoid the discomfort of venipuncture, is suspected to cause higher rate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care (Online) Analgesia and Critical Care (Online), 2024-10, Vol.4 (1), p.69-9, Article 69
Main Authors: Camporesi, Anna, Roveri, Giulia, Vetrugno, Luigi, Buonsenso, Danilo, De Giorgis, Valentina, Costanzo, Sara, Pierucci, Ugo Maria, Pelizzo, Gloria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airway management
Atelectasis
Fentanyl
General anesthesia
Inhalatory induction
Intravenous induction
Intubation
Lung ultrasound
Medical personnel
Observational studies
Patients
Pediatric anesthesia
Pediatrics
Surgery
Ultrasonic imaging
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Summary:Atelectasis is a well-documented complication in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. Its incidence varies significantly based on surgical procedures and anesthesia techniques. Inhalation induction, commonly used to avoid the discomfort of venipuncture, is suspected to cause higher rates of respiratory complications, including atelectasis, compared to intravenous induction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of inhalation versus intravenous anesthesia induction on atelectasis formation in pediatric patients, as assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS). This propensity score-matched observational study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Milan, Italy. Inclusion criteria were children ≤ 18 years undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia. Patients were divided into inhalation and intravenous induction groups. LUS was performed before and after anesthesia induction to assess lung aeration. The primary endpoint was the global LUS score post-induction, with secondary endpoints including the incidence and distribution of atelectasis. Of the 326 patients included, 65% underwent inhalation induction and 35% intravenous induction. The global LUS score was significantly higher in the inhalation group (12.0 vs. 4.0, p 
ISSN:2731-3786
2731-3786
DOI:10.1186/s44158-024-00206-x