The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants

Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The interce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2018-09, Vol.19 (9), p.2759
Main Authors: Zhou, Jing-Jing, Luo, Jie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
auxin
Biological Transport
Division
Efflux
Embryogenesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Flowers & plants
function
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene Regulatory Networks
Genes
Genomes
Homeostasis
Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism
Intracellular Space - metabolism
Localization
Molecular structure
Multigene Family
Organogenesis
PIN gene family
Plant Physiological Phenomena
Plant Proteins - chemistry
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plants - genetics
Plants - metabolism
Post-transcription
Protein kinase
Proteins
regulation
Review
Signal Transduction
Skewed distributions
Structure-Activity Relationship
transporter
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Summary:Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers-including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs' recycling and turnover-to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19092759