Possible Treatment of Myocardial Infarct Based on Tissue Engineering Using a Cellularized Solid Collagen Scaffold Functionalized with Arg-Glyc-Asp (RGD) Peptide

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2021-11, Vol.22 (22), p.12563
• Main Authors: Schussler, Olivier, Falcoz, Pierre E, Chachques, Juan C, Alifano, Marco, Lecarpentier, Yves
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adhesion molecules; Angiogenesis; Animals; Apoptosis; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - therapeutic use; Cardiomyocytes; Cell death; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell proliferation; Cell therapy; Collagen; Collagen - chemistry; Collagen - therapeutic use; Contractility; Fibrin; Freeze drying; Gelatin; Heart failure; Humans; Hydrogels; Hydrogels - therapeutic use; Inflammation; Integrins; Ligands; Mechanoreceptors; Microenvironments; myocardial infarct; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - genetics; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Infarction - therapy; Peptides; Peptides - genetics; Peptides - therapeutic use; Polymers; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Production methods; Proteins; Retention; Review; RGD; Scaffolds; Stem cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry; Transplants & implants; Ventricle
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212563

Currently, the clinical impact of cell therapy after a myocardial infarction (MI) is limited by low cell engraftment due to low cell retention, cell death in inflammatory and poor angiogenic infarcted areas, secondary migration. Cells interact with their microenvironment through integrin mechanoreceptors that control their survival/apoptosis/differentiation/migration and proliferation. The association of cells with a three-dimensional material may be a way to improve interactions with their integrins, and thus outcomes, especially if preparations are epicardially applied. In this review, we will focus on the rationale for using collagen as a polymer backbone for tissue engineering of a contractile tissue. Contractilities are reported for natural but not synthetic polymers and for naturals only for: collagen/gelatin/decellularized-tissue/fibrin/Matrigel™ and for different material states: hydrogels/gels/solids. To achieve a thick/long-term contractile tissue and for cell transfer, solid porous compliant scaffolds are superior to hydrogels or gels. Classical methods to produce solid scaffolds: electrospinning/freeze-drying/3D-printing/solvent-casting and methods to reinforce and/or maintain scaffold properties by reticulations are reported. We also highlight the possibility of improving integrin interaction between cells and their associated collagen by its functionalizing with the RGD-peptide. Using a contractile patch that can be applied epicardially may be a way of improving ventricular remodeling and limiting secondary cell migration.