Mechanical and morphological characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) for bone regeneration: A mini review

• Published in: Biomedical engineering advances 2022-12, Vol.4, p.100056, Article 100056
• Main Authors: Abere, Dare Victor, Ojo, Sammy A., Oyatogun, Grace Modupe, Paredes-Epinosa, Maria Belen, Niluxsshun, Moira Carmalita Dharsika, Hakami, Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biomaterials; Bone regeneration; Nano-hydroxyapatites; Osseo integration; Osteoconductive
• ISSN: 2667-0992; 2667-0992
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100056

•Nano-hydroxyapatites are globally utilized in bone regeneration and dental applications because of their high bioactivity and biocompatibility characteristics.•Nanostructured hydroxyapatites are promising biomedical in hard tissues of human bones by enhancing Osseo-integration.•Hydroxyapatite as an effective osteoconductive biomaterial is utilized in bone repair and regeneration possessing exceptional mechanical, chemical, physical, and biological properties.•Due to their larger surface area, they are reliable in dentistry and orthopedic application. Different biomaterials for bone regeneration have shown a lot of drawbacks, for allograft; the drawbacks are delayed incorporation, limited osteogenic, rejection of grafts, and risk of disease transmission; for xenograft, the drawbacks are delayed incorporation, limited osteogenic, more aggressive rejection of grafts, re-injury risks, and inadequate vascularization; and for autologous, the drawbacks are unpredictable resorption, donor site pain, limited availability, hematoma, variable quality, as well as inadequate vascularization. Future researchers have to keep these drawbacks in context to understand how they can deal with them to get the desired results. Nano-hydroxyapatite nHA is a candidate material for multipurpose applications in biomedical industries such as bone regeneration and dental application due to its outstanding biocompatibility properties. Hydroxyapatite one of the most critical biomaterials is a major part of the mineral section of the teeth and bone. The remineralizing effect generated and offered by the nHA happens to be more useful for bone regeneration as compared to conventional fluoride. The purpose of this review is to highlight the various beneficial mechanical and morphological properties of a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) that is majorly utilized in bone regeneration in recent years. Nano-hydroxyapatite has unique biomaterials and biostructures that make bone regeneration possible thus its wide applications in medicine. In addition to that, it also has inorganic and organic components that make it biologically feasible to be used in bone regeneration. This review also found that nHA comes with various unique kind of properties like it does not induce any inflammation or toxicity, has the capacity to chemically bond with the bone, and has the property of stimulating the growth of the bones. Different process techniques are used with nHA to achieve bone regeneration and with these pro