Greenness and whiteness assessment of a sustainable voltammetric method for difluprednate estimation in the presence of its alkaline degradation product

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-05, Vol.14 (1), p.12088-12088, Article 12088
• Main Authors: El-Hadi, Heidi R. Abd, Eissa, Maya S., Eltanany, Basma M., Zaazaa, Hala E., Arafa, Reham M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 639/638; 639/925; Analytical chemistry; Anti-inflammatory agents; Chemicals; Degradation; Differential pulse voltammetry; Difluprednate; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Electrons; Ethanol; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Greenness and whiteness; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Oxidation; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sodium hydroxide; Sodium Hydroxide - chemistry; Stability; Steroids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods; Voltammetry
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61712-0

Nowadays, scientists are currently attempting to lessen the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment. Stability testing identifies how a drug’s quality changes over time. The current work suggests a first and sustainable differential pulse voltammetry technique for quantifying difluprednate (DIF) as an anti-inflammatory agent in the presence of its alkaline degradation product (DEG). The optimum conditions for the developed method were investigated with a glassy carbon electrode and a scan rate of 100 mV s −1 . The linearity range was 2.0 × 10 −7 –1.0 × 10 −6  M for DIF. DIF was found to undergo alkaline degradation, when refluxed for 8 h using 2.0 M NaOH, and DEG was successfully characterized utilizing IR and MS/MS. The intended approach demonstrated the selectivity for DIF identification in pure, pharmaceutical, and degradation forms. The student’s t-test and F value were used to compare the suggested and reported approaches statistically. The results were validated according to ICH requirements. The greenness of the studied approach was evaluated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index and the Analytical Greenness metric. Additionally, the whiteness features of the proposed approach were examined with the recently released red, green, and blue 12 model, and the recommended strategy performed better than the reported approaches in greenness and whiteness.