The Detection of GRBs at VHE: A Challenge Lasting for More than Two Decades, What Is Next?

• Published in: Galaxies 2022-06, Vol.10 (3), p.67
• Main Authors: Berti, Alessio, Carosi, Alessandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Afterglows; Astrophysics; Atoms & subatomic particles; Energy; Gamma ray bursts; Gamma rays; IACTs; Phenomenology; Physics; Radiation; very high energy
• ISSN: 2075-4434; 2075-4434
• DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10030067

Unveiling the mystery of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been the target of many multi-waveband observational and theoretical efforts during the last decades. The results collected by current and past space-based instruments have provided important insights into the mechanisms at the origin of their prompt and afterglow phases. On the other hand, many questions, such as the the origin of the multi-GeV signal observed in a large number of events, remained unanswered. Within this framework, the first firm detections of a very-high-energy (VHE, E≳100 GeV) emission component by MAGIC and H.E.S.S. collaborations represented an important, long-awaited result for the VHE astrophysics community. However, while such discoveries opened a new era in the study of GRBs, they also provided an unexpected complexity due to the differences between the phenomenology of the observed events. This revealed that we still have an incomplete comprehension of GRB physics. In the nearby future, observations by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), with unprecedented sensitivity in the VHE band, will have a key role in the study of these enigmatic objects and their interactions with the surrounding environment. In this review we will cover the recent GRB history, highlighting the efforts of follow-up campaigns by the VHE community that led to the first VHE GRB detection, and outlining what we can expect from future facilities in the next decades.