Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Determinants Among Pregnant Women: The NELA Cohort

The Mediterranean diet represents one of the most studied dietary patterns; however, there is no single tool for measuring the grade of adherence and no single set of criteria for adapting these indices to pregnant women. We characterized the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDA) of pregnant wom...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2021-04, Vol.13 (4), p.1248
Main Authors: Suárez-Martínez, Clara, Yagüe-Guirao, Genoveva, Santaella-Pascual, Marina, Peso-Echarri, Patricia, Vioque, Jesús, Morales, Eva, García-Marcos, Luis, Martínez-Graciá, Carmen, Nela Study Group, The
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol
Asthma
Cardiovascular disease
Cereals
Dairy products
Diet
dietary pattern
Dietary supplements
Food
Gestation
Gestational diabetes
healthy diet
Hospitals
Investigations
Legumes
lifestyle
Lifestyles
Meat
Mediterranean diet
Mortality
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition
Nutrition research
Offspring
Population
Pregnancy
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
sociodemographic factors
Sociodemographics
Statistical analysis
Womens health
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Summary:The Mediterranean diet represents one of the most studied dietary patterns; however, there is no single tool for measuring the grade of adherence and no single set of criteria for adapting these indices to pregnant women. We characterized the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDA) of pregnant women participating in the NELA (Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma) cohort and identified the sociodemographic determinants and lifestyle habits associated with a higher risk of a low MDA. Maternal diet during gestation was assessed by a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) ( = 665). We estimated the Relative Mediterranean Diet score (rMED), Alternative Mediterranean Diet score (aMED), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). Multivariate regression models were performed to identify the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with each index. Mothers with a lower age and more previous deliveries had a greater probability of low MDA ( < 0.05). For the aMED index only, mothers with university education and/or who practiced sport activities for two or more hours per week had a lower probability of a low MDA ( < 0.01). The three indices classified the NELA cohort as having a medium level of adherence. These results may be improved by designing intervention strategies and dietary recommendations for both maternal and offspring health.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu13041248