In vitro and in vivo susceptibility to sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from Brazilian free wild birds

Little is known about the existence of drug-resistant Toxoplasma gondii strains and their possible impact on clinic outcomes. To expand our knowledge about the existence of natural variations on drug susceptibility of T. gondii strains in Brazil, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility...

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Published in:Scientific reports 2023-05, Vol.13 (1), p.7359-7359, Article 7359
Main Authors: de Lima Bessa, Gabriella, Vitor, Ricardo Wagner de Almeida, Lobo, Luana Margarida Sabino, Rêgo, Wagner Martins Fontes, de Souza, Gabriela Carolina Alves, Lopes, Rosálida Estevam Nazar, Costa, Júlia Gatti Ladeia, Martins-Duarte, Erica S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/326/22/1434
631/326/417
Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use
Birds
Bradyzoites
Brazil
Drug dosages
Drug resistance
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Protozoa
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine - pharmacology
Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine - pharmacology
Sulfadiazine - therapeutic use
Susceptibility
Toxoplasma
Toxoplasma gondii
Variation
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Summary:Little is known about the existence of drug-resistant Toxoplasma gondii strains and their possible impact on clinic outcomes. To expand our knowledge about the existence of natural variations on drug susceptibility of T. gondii strains in Brazil, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to sulfadiazine (SDZ) and pyrimethamine (PYR) of three atypical strains (Wild2, Wild3, and Wild4) isolated from free-living wild birds. In vitro susceptibility assay showed that the three strains were equally susceptible to SDZ and PYR but variations in the susceptibility were observed to SDZ plus PYR treatment. Variations in the proliferation rates in vitro and spontaneous conversion to bradyzoites were also accessed for all strains. Wild2 showed a lower cystogenesis capacity compared to Wild3 and Wild4. The in vivo analysis showed that while Wild3 was highly susceptible to all SDZ and PYR doses, and their combination, Wild2 and Wild4 showed low susceptibility to the lower doses of SDZ or PYR. Interestingly, Wild2 presented low susceptibility to the higher doses of SDZ, PYR and their combination. Our results suggest that the variability in treatment response by T. gondii isolates could possibly be related not only to drug resistance but also to the strain cystogenesis capacity.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-34502-3