RTN3 inhibits RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses by impairing TRIM25-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination

• Published in: eLife 2021-07, Vol.10
• Main Authors: Yang, Ziwei, Wang, Jun, He, Bailin, Zhang, Xiaolin, Li, Xiaojuan, Kuang, Ersheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveoli; Animals; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology; Antiviral drugs; antiviral response; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Carrier Proteins - immunology; Carrier Proteins - metabolism; Cell Biology; Chemokines; Cytokines; DEAD Box Protein 58 - genetics; DEAD Box Protein 58 - metabolism; Edema; Endoplasmic reticulum; Experiments; Female; Health aspects; HEK293 Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunology and Inflammation; Infection; Infections; Inflammation; inflammatory resolution; Interferon regulatory factor 3; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - drug effects; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Membrane Proteins - genetics; Membrane Proteins - immunology; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins - immunology; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism; NF-kappa B - drug effects; NF-κB protein; Proteins; Receptors, Immunologic - genetics; Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism; RIG-I; RNA; RTN3; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; TRIM25; Tripartite Motif Proteins - genetics; Tripartite Motif Proteins - metabolism; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - metabolism; Ubiquitination - drug effects; Viral infections; Virus diseases
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.68958

Upon viral RNA recognition, the RIG-I signalosome continuously generates IFNs and cytokines, leading to neutrophil recruitment and inflammation. Thus, attenuation of excessive immune and inflammatory responses is crucial to restore immune homeostasis and prevent unwarranted damage, yet few resolving mediators have been identified. In the present study, we demonstrated that RTN3 is strongly upregulated during RNA viral infection and acts as an inflammation-resolving regulator. Increased RTN3 aggregates on the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with both TRIM25 and RIG-I, subsequently impairing K63-linked polyubiquitination and resulting in both IRF3 and NF-κB inhibition. Rtn3 overexpression in mice causes an obvious inflammation resolving phenomenon when challenged with VSV, Rtn3-overexpressing mice display significantly decreased neutrophil numbers and inflammatory cell infiltration, which is accompanied by reduced tissue edema in the liver and thinner alveolar interstitium. Taken together, our findings identify RTN3 as a conserved negative regulator of immune and inflammatory responses and provide insights into the negative feedback that maintains immune and inflammatory homeostasis.