The impact of immune dysregulation on the risk of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency: insights from a multicenter study

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a heterogenic group of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) characterized by impaired antibody production and susceptibility to infections. Non-infectious complications, such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies, now s...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-10, Vol.15, p.1465159
Main Authors: Cabañero-Navalon, Marta Dafne, Garcia-Bustos, Victor, Balastegui-Martin, Héctor, Bracke, Carmen, Mateu, Lourdes, Solanich, Xavier, Carrillo-Linares, Juan Luis, Robles-Marhuenda, Angel, Puchades, Francesc, Pelaez Ballesta, Ana, Lopez-Osle, Nuria, Torralba-Cabeza, Miguel Ángel, Bielsa Masdeu, Ana María, Gil Niño, Jorge, Tornador Gaya, Nuria, Castellanos, Guillem Pascual, Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario, Barragán-Casas, José Manuel, González-García, Andrés, Patier de la Peña, José Luis, López-Wolf, Daniel, Rufete, Antonia Mora, Canovas Mora, Alba, Moral Moral, Pedro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
cancer risk
common variable immunodeficiency
Common Variable Immunodeficiency - complications
Common Variable Immunodeficiency - immunology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
immune dysregulation
Immunology
immunosuppressants
Male
malignancy
Middle Aged
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Neoplasms - immunology
Risk Factors
Spain - epidemiology
Young Adult
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Summary:Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a heterogenic group of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) characterized by impaired antibody production and susceptibility to infections. Non-infectious complications, such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies, now significantly impact prognosis. Moreover, both hematologic and solid organ malignancies are more frequently observed in CVID patients compared to other PIDs. The risk factors for carcinogenesis in CVID remain largely unknown. This multicenter study aims to characterize the clinical profile of cancer in CVID patients in Spain and to identify independent risk factors associated with malignancy development, focusing on the role of immune dysregulation. A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2022, involving 17 hospitals treating PID patients in Spain. Data were collected systematically on demographics, infectious and non-infectious comorbidities, immunological parameters, and treatment. Statistical analysis, including multivariate logistic regression, was performed to identify risk factors associated to malignancy. Of 250 CVID patients, 38 (15.26%) were diagnosed with cancer, predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastric cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer patients were significantly older (mean age 60.70 vs. 49.36 years, p
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1465159