Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt ( Triticum spelta )

• Published in: Foods 2023-04, Vol.12 (9), p.1769
• Main Authors: Živković, Andrej, Gođevac, Dejan, Cigić, Blaž, Polak, Tomaž, Požrl, Tomaž
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidants; benzoxazinoids; Bioactive compounds; Caustic soda; Cereals; cis-isomers; Ferulic acid; Food science; free and bound fractions; Functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Germination; Glycosides; Grain; Humidity; Isomers; Metabolites; Moisture content; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Plant metabolites; schaftoside; Secondary metabolites; Seeds; spelt
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods12091769

In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with -ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected -isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.