The Role of AhR in the Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Friend and Foe

In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-10, Vol.10 (10), p.2729
Main Authors: Ojo, Emmanuel S, Tischkau, Shelley A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - metabolism
AhR endogenous/exogenous ligands
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Biosensors
Blood-brain barrier
Brain - metabolism
brain aging hallmarks
Brain diseases
Brain Diseases - metabolism
Brain Diseases - pathology
Cell activation
Circadian rhythm
Estrogens
Genes
Glial cells
Heat shock proteins
Humans
Hydrocarbons
Hypothalamus
Inflammation
Kinases
Ligands
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Mitochondria
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurogenesis
Oxidative stress
Pathology
Phenotypes
Physiology
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon - metabolism
Review
Senescence
Signal Transduction
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Summary:In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor is a highly conserved biosensor that is activated by numerous exogenous and endogenous molecules, including microbiota metabolites, to mediate several physiological and toxicological functions. Brain aging hallmarks, which include glial cell activation and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, increase the vulnerability of humans to various neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many studies have implicated AhR signaling pathways in the aging process and longevity across several species. This review provides an overview of the impact of AhR pathways on various aging hallmarks in the brain and the implications for AhR signaling as a mechanism in regulating aging-related diseases of the brain. We also explore how the nature of AhR ligands determines the outcomes of several signaling pathways in brain aging processes.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells10102729