Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Ag/AgCl-Zn Battery for Biomedical Applications

A flexible silver-zinc fabric-based primary battery that is biocompatible, conformable, and suitable for single-use wearable biomedical devices is reported. The planar battery was fabricated by screen printing silver/silver-chloride and zinc electrodes (14 mm × 8 mm) onto a silk substrate. A biologi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2022-10, Vol.15 (19), p.7167
Main Authors: Bentley, Daria, Heald, Rachel, Daniel, Joseph Fraser, Prakash, Shaurya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Batteries
Biocompatibility
biocompatible
Biomedical materials
electroceuticals
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytic cells
Fabrication
Flexibility
flexible battery
Mannequins
Mechanical stimuli
Open circuit voltage
Polyvinyl alcohol
Primary batteries
Scanning electron microscopy
Screen printing
Silk
Silver
Silver chloride
Spectroscopy
Wearable technology
Zinc
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Summary:A flexible silver-zinc fabric-based primary battery that is biocompatible, conformable, and suitable for single-use wearable biomedical devices is reported. The planar battery was fabricated by screen printing silver/silver-chloride and zinc electrodes (14 mm × 8 mm) onto a silk substrate. A biologically relevant fluid, phosphate buffered saline was used as a liquid electrolyte for characterization. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and current discharge properties at constant densities of 0.89 μA/cm2, 8.93 μA/cm2, and 89.29 μA/cm2 were used to quantify battery performance. Nine cells were placed in series to generate a greater open circuit voltage (>6 V) relevant to previously reported biomedical applications. The nine-cell battery was evaluated for operation under mechanical strain due to likely placement on curved surfaces of the body in wearable applications. The nine-cell battery was discharged over 4 h at 8.93 μA/cm2 in an unstrained condition. The mechanically strained battery when mounted to a mannequin to mimic anatomical curvature discharged up to 30 min faster. Additionally, the nine-cell battery was used in an in vitro wound model to power an electroceutical, showing promise towards practical use in active, corrosive, and potentially biohazardous environments.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en15197167