Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Frontline of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview

Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a series of transporter proteins, which are located in the bacterial cell membrane and periplasm and remove diverse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.11 (4), p.520
Main Authors: Huang, Lulu, Wu, Cuirong, Gao, Haijiao, Xu, Chao, Dai, Menghong, Huang, Lingli, Hao, Haihong, Wang, Xu, Cheng, Guyue
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
antibiotic residue detection
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
antimicrobials
Bacteria
Binding sites
biofilm
Biofilms
Cell division
Cell membranes
Drug resistance
Efflux
efflux pumps
Gonorrhea
Gram-negative bacteria
Heavy metals
Microorganisms
Motility
Multidrug resistance
Organic solvents
Oxidative stress
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Periplasm
Permeability
Protein transport
Proteins
Pumps
Quorum sensing
Review
Streptococcus infections
Substrates
Virulence
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Summary:Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a series of transporter proteins, which are located in the bacterial cell membrane and periplasm and remove diverse extraneous substrates, including antimicrobials, organic solvents, toxic heavy metals, etc., from bacterial cells. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the functions of multiple efflux pumps families and discusses their potential applications. The biological functions of efflux pumps including their promotion of multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and survival and pathogenicity of bacteria are elucidated. The potential applications of efflux pump-related genes/proteins for the detection of antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance are also analyzed. Last but not least, efflux pump inhibitors, especially those of plant origin, are discussed.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics11040520