Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses

Human coronaviruses present a substantial global disease burden, causing damage to populations' health, economy, and social well-being. Glycans are one of the main structural components of all microbes and organismic structures, including viruses--playing multiple essential roles in virus infec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of nanomedicine 2021-01, Vol.16, p.4813-4830
Main Authors: Guo, Wanru, Lakshminarayanan, Harini, Rodriguez-Palacios, Alex, Salata, Robert A, Xu, Kaijin, Draz, Mohamed S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiviral agents
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Biosynthesis
Carbohydrates
Care and treatment
Chemical properties
Chromatography
Coronaviruses
diagnostics
Enzymes
Glucose
glycan
glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Infections
Lipids
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Membrane lipids
Mitochondria
Nanotechnology
Physiology
Polypeptides
Polysaccharides
Proteins
Review
sars-cov-2
Scientific imaging
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal transduction
vaccine
Vaccines
Viral infections
Virus diseases
Viruses
Well being
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Summary:Human coronaviruses present a substantial global disease burden, causing damage to populations' health, economy, and social well-being. Glycans are one of the main structural components of all microbes and organismic structures, including viruses--playing multiple essential roles in virus infection and immunity. Studying and understanding virus glycans at the nanoscale provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of viruses. Glycan nanostructures are considered potential targets for molecular diagnosis, antiviral therapeutics, and the development of vaccines. This review article describes glycan nanostructures (eg, glycoproteins and glycolipids) that exist in cells, subcellular structures, and microbes. We detail the structure, characterization, synthesis, and functions of virus glycans. Furthermore, we describe the glycan nanostructures of different human coronaviruses, such as human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), human coronavirus OC43 (HcoV-OC43), severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), the Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and how glycan nanotechnology can be useful to prevent and combat human coronaviruses infections, along with possibilities that are not yet explored. Keywords: glycan, nanotechnology, glycoproteins, glycolipids, coronaviruses, SARS-CoV -2, diagnostics, vaccine
ISSN:1178-2013
1176-9114
1178-2013
DOI:10.2147/IJN.S302516