Zn2+-Doped TiO2:WO3 Films Prepared by Electrospinning and Sintering: Microstructural Characterization and Electrical Signature to Moisture Sensing

In this work, Zn2+-doped TiO2:WO3 nanostructured films, with different doping levels, were produced by electrospinning followed by sintering, and tested as potential materials for relative humidity (RH) detection. The materials microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ceramics 2021-12, Vol.4 (4), p.576-591
Main Authors: Silva, Georgenes M. G., Leão, Victor N. S., Pereira, Michel F. G., Faia, Pedro M., Araújo, Evando S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crystal lattices
Electrical impedance
Electrical properties
Electrospinning
Fourier transforms
Humidity
humidity sensing
Infrared spectroscopy
Lattice vacancies
metal oxide heterogeneous nanostructures
Metal oxides
microstructural characterization
Microstructure
Moisture
Nanocomposites
Particle size
Phase transitions
Polymers
Raman spectroscopy
Relative humidity
Scanning electron microscopy
Sensitivity analysis
Sensors
Sintering
Software
Titanium dioxide
Tungsten oxides
Water chemistry
Zinc oxides
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Summary:In this work, Zn2+-doped TiO2:WO3 nanostructured films, with different doping levels, were produced by electrospinning followed by sintering, and tested as potential materials for relative humidity (RH) detection. The materials microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical characterization was performed by electrical impedance spectroscopy in the range of 400 HZ–40 MHZ, at 20 °C. The sensors’ sensitivity to moisture was evaluated from the impedance variations in response to changes in RH (10–100%). The analyses confirmed the interaction of water molecules with the oxides surface, and showed that zinc atoms were incorporated into the titanium vacancies in the crystal lattice. All the studied sensors showed a p- to n-type conduction transition taking place at around 40% RH. The nanocomposite with 2 wt% of dopant presented the best sensitivity to moisture, with an impedance variation of about 1 order of magnitude. The results are discussed in relation to the microstructure and fabrication route.
ISSN:2571-6131
2571-6131
DOI:10.3390/ceramics4040041