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The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of...
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Published in: | Frontiers in pharmacology 2012-01, Vol.3, p.121 |
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description | The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121 |
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The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1663-9812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1663-9812</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22754527</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: Frontiers Research Foundation</publisher><subject>blood brain barrier ; Cocaine ; HIV ; Methamphetamine ; Neuroinflammation ; Nicotine ; Pharmacology</subject><ispartof>Frontiers in pharmacology, 2012-01, Vol.3, p.121</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 Kousik, Napier and Carvey. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-ac27d41176dae94f7b2bd2089f596cf24c20ed6d8b155090ca0f1eaabb70adbe3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3386512/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3386512/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22754527$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kousik, Sharanya M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Napier, T Celeste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvey, Paul M</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation</title><title>Frontiers in pharmacology</title><addtitle>Front Pharmacol</addtitle><description>The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity.</description><subject>blood brain barrier</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Methamphetamine</subject><subject>Neuroinflammation</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><issn>1663-9812</issn><issn>1663-9812</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkUtLAzEUhYMoKrV7VzJ_oDWPmWSyEUR8geCmbtyEm1ebMjMpmRmh_960ValZ3Fzuuee7i4PQNcFzxmp56zcrSHOKCZ3jXMgJuiScs5msCT096i_QtO_XOD8mJePlObqgVFRlRcUl-lysXOG8d2boi-iLTb81q9gPoR0b6IbCpnGZha7QTYy20AlC7iGl4FLhx84MIYvQ2aJzY4qh8w20LeymV-jMQ9O76c8_QR9Pj4uHl9nb-_Prw_3bzFS0HmZgqLAlIYJbcLL0QlNtKa6lryQ3npaGYme5rTWpKiyxAeyJA9BaYLDasQl6PXBthLXapNBC2qoIQe0HMS0VpCGYxikvOBfScme4LJnVGlg-LDRhgvmKQ2bdHVibUbfOGtcNCZp_0P9KF1ZqGb9UToRXhGYAPgBMin2fnP_zErxbkmofm9rFpvaxZcvN8c0_w29I7Bty3peg</recordid><startdate>20120101</startdate><enddate>20120101</enddate><creator>Kousik, Sharanya M</creator><creator>Napier, T Celeste</creator><creator>Carvey, Paul M</creator><general>Frontiers Research Foundation</general><general>Frontiers Media S.A</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120101</creationdate><title>The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation</title><author>Kousik, Sharanya M ; Napier, T Celeste ; Carvey, Paul M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-ac27d41176dae94f7b2bd2089f596cf24c20ed6d8b155090ca0f1eaabb70adbe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>blood brain barrier</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Methamphetamine</topic><topic>Neuroinflammation</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kousik, Sharanya M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Napier, T Celeste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvey, Paul M</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Frontiers in pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kousik, Sharanya M</au><au>Napier, T Celeste</au><au>Carvey, Paul M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation</atitle><jtitle>Frontiers in pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Front Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>3</volume><spage>121</spage><pages>121-</pages><issn>1663-9812</issn><eissn>1663-9812</eissn><abstract>The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>Frontiers Research Foundation</pub><pmid>22754527</pmid><doi>10.3389/fphar.2012.00121</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | blood brain barrier Cocaine HIV Methamphetamine Neuroinflammation Nicotine Pharmacology |
title | The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation |
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