WOOD STRUCTURE, XYLEM FUNCTIONALITY AND GROWTH OF SIX SALIX CLONES IN TWO SITES WITH DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN ARGENTINA

• Published in: Revista árvore 2018-01, Vol.42 (1)
• Main Authors: Loval, Sabrina Anahí, Cerrillo, Teresa, Spavento, Eleana, Caballé, Gonzalo, Meier, Alejandro Martinez, Monteoliva, Silvia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Flood; FORESTRY; Hydraulic conductivity; Wood Anatomy
• ISSN: 0100-6762; 1806-9088; 1806-9088
• DOI: 10.1590/1806-90882018000100010

ABSTRACT The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of abiotic stress (plantation site) and genotype (clone) on the wood anatomy and density of six Salix (willow) clones at three ages (2, 7, and 12 years), and the impact of these effects on the theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and growth. The clones studied were ´Ragonese 131-25 INTA´, ´Ragonese 131-27 INTA´ and “250-33” (originated from crosses between Salix babylonica and S. alba), ´Barrett 13-44 INTA´ and “NZ 26992” (originated from crosses between S. matsudana and S. alba), and the clone S. babylonica var. sacramenta ´Soveny Americano´. They were planted in two sites of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with different abiotic stress: i) the Paraná River Delta, a site with recurrent floods, and ii) a continental site with lower water availability and no floods. The vessel morphometry, wood density, Ks, and current annual increments at the three ages were determined. The clone x site interaction was the source of variation with greatest impact, being this significant for vessel diameter, Ks, wood density and growth. This means that, depending on the type of stress at the plantation site, the clones responded differently, showing differences in their structure, functionality, and wood production. The results showed that the clones Soveny Americano and 26992 were better suited to stress by flood, whereas clones 131-25, 131-27, 250-33 and 13-44 were better adapted to moderate drought conditions, with responses at the level of the xylem and wood density, and therefore at the level of wood production. RESUMO Os objetivos do trabalho foram: 1- determinar o efeito do estresse hídrico (sítios de implantação) e do genótipo (clone) na anatomia e densidade da madeira produzida em seis clones de salgueiros em três idades; 2- verificar como essas variações na anatomia impactam na condutividade hidráulica teórica do xilema (Ks) e no crescimento. Foram mostrados seis clones, de 13 anos de idade de origem do cruzamento Salix babylonica x S. alba (Ragonese INTA 131-25, 131-27 e 250-33), S. matsudana x S. alba (Barrett 13-44 e NZ 26992) e S. babylonica var sacramenta ´Soveny Americano´ implantados em duas situações com diferente estresse abiótico (sítio DM Delta Del Río Paraná com inundações recorrentes e sítio LH zona continental província de Buenos Aires, com menor disponibilidade da água e sem inundações). Foi determinado: morfometria dos vasos, densidade da madeira, Ks e incrementos corrent