The Monitoring of CO2 Soil Degassing as Indicator of Increasing Volcanic Activity: The Paroxysmal Activity at Stromboli Volcano in 2019–2021

Since 2016, Stromboli volcano has shown an increase of both frequency and energy of the volcanic activity; two strong paroxysms occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019. The paroxysms were followed by a series of major explosions, which culminated on January 2021 with magma overflows and lava flows alo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geosciences (Basel) 2021-04, Vol.11 (4), p.169
Main Authors: Inguaggiato, Salvatore, Vita, Fabio, Cangemi, Marianna, Inguaggiato, Claudio, Calderone, Lorenzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide flux
Degassing
Earth science
Environmental monitoring
Explosions
Lava
Lava flows
Magma
paroxysmal activity
Plumbing
Soil
soil CO2 fluxes
Soils
Stromboli volcano
Surveillance
Virtual private networks
Volatiles
Volcanic activity
Volcanic gases
Volcanoes
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Summary:Since 2016, Stromboli volcano has shown an increase of both frequency and energy of the volcanic activity; two strong paroxysms occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019. The paroxysms were followed by a series of major explosions, which culminated on January 2021 with magma overflows and lava flows along the Sciara del Fuoco. This activity was monitored by the soil CO2 flux network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), which highlighted significant changes before the paroxysmal activity. The CO2 flux started to increase in 2006, following a long-lasting positive trend, interrupted by short-lived high amplitude transients in 2016–2018 and 2018–2019. This increasing trend was recorded both in the summit and peripheral degassing areas of Stromboli, indicating that the magmatic gas release affected the whole volcanic edifice. These results suggest that Stromboli volcano is in a new critical phase, characterized by a great amount of volatiles exsolved by the shallow plumbing system, which could generate other energetic paroxysms in the future.
ISSN:2076-3263
2076-3263
DOI:10.3390/geosciences11040169