Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Profiling of Commercial Enocianina and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Enocianina is an anthocyanin-rich extract obtained from grape pomace. It is widely used as a colorant in the food industry and, in addition to anthocyanins, it also contains a variety of polyphenols. To understand whether enocianina, besides its coloring effect, may offer potential health benefit ap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2022-06, Vol.11 (6), p.1187
Main Authors: Della Vedova, Larissa, Ferrario, Giulio, Gado, Francesca, Altomare, Alessandra, Carini, Marina, Morazzoni, Paolo, Aldini, Giancarlo, Baron, Giovanna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative energy sources
Anthocyanins
Anti-inflammatory agents
Antioxidants
Catechol
enocianina
enocyanin
Food additives
Food industry
grape pomace
Inflammation
Liquid chromatography
Mass spectroscopy
Polyphenols
Potassium
Quantitative analysis
Skin
Solvents
waste
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Summary:Enocianina is an anthocyanin-rich extract obtained from grape pomace. It is widely used as a colorant in the food industry and, in addition to anthocyanins, it also contains a variety of polyphenols. To understand whether enocianina, besides its coloring effect, may offer potential health benefit applications, we aimed to fully characterize the profile of four commercial enocianinas and assess their radical scavenging, enzymatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 90 phytochemicals. The relative content of each anthocyanin was assessed by a semi-quantitative analysis, with malvidin derivatives being the most abundant. UV-VIS spectroscopy detected total amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins of 23% and 3.24%, respectively, indicating that anthocyanins represent a minor fraction of total polyphenols. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the radical scavenging activity is related to the total polyphenol content and not to anthocyanins. All four enocianinas dose-dependently activate Nrf2, and such activity was correlated with catechol-containing polyphenol content. Finally, all enocianinas showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, which at the highest concentrations tested was closely related to the total polyphenol content and was explained by radical scavenging, Nrf2 activation, and other mechanisms related to the polyphenolic components.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox11061187