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Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC
Brazilian green propolis is a complex mixture of natural compounds that is difficult to analyze and standardize; as a result, controlling its quality is challenging. In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization...
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| Published in: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.24 (9), p.1791 |
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| creator | Sun, Shengwei Liu, Meijuan He, Jian Li, Kunping Zhang, Xuguang Yin, Guangling |
| description | Brazilian green propolis is a complex mixture of natural compounds that is difficult to analyze and standardize; as a result, controlling its quality is challenging. In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and characterization of seven phenolic acid compounds in Brazilian green propolis. The optimal operating conditions for the electrospray ionization source were capillary voltage of 3500 V and drying and sheath gas temperatures of 320 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Drying and sheath gas flows were set to 8 L/min and 11 L/min, respectively. Brazilian green propolis was separated using the HPLC method, with chromatograms for samples and standards measured at 310 nm. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was used to identify the following phenolic compounds: Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and artepillin C. Using a methodologically validated HPLC method, the seven identified phenolic acids were then quantified among different Brazilian green propolis. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of a given phenolic acid across different Brazilian green propolis samples, owing to the same plant resin sources for each sample. Isochlorogenic acid B had the lowest content (0.08 ± 0.04) across all tested Brazilian green propolis samples, while the artepillin C levels were the highest (2.48 ± 0.94). The total phenolic acid content across Brazilian green propolis samples ranged from 2.14-9.32%. Notably, artepillin C quantification is an important factor in determining the quality index of Brazilian green propolis; importantly, it has potential as a chemical marker for the development of better quality control methods for Brazilian green propolis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/molecules24091791 |
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In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and characterization of seven phenolic acid compounds in Brazilian green propolis. The optimal operating conditions for the electrospray ionization source were capillary voltage of 3500 V and drying and sheath gas temperatures of 320 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Drying and sheath gas flows were set to 8 L/min and 11 L/min, respectively. Brazilian green propolis was separated using the HPLC method, with chromatograms for samples and standards measured at 310 nm. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was used to identify the following phenolic compounds: Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and artepillin C. Using a methodologically validated HPLC method, the seven identified phenolic acids were then quantified among different Brazilian green propolis. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of a given phenolic acid across different Brazilian green propolis samples, owing to the same plant resin sources for each sample. Isochlorogenic acid B had the lowest content (0.08 ± 0.04) across all tested Brazilian green propolis samples, while the artepillin C levels were the highest (2.48 ± 0.94). The total phenolic acid content across Brazilian green propolis samples ranged from 2.14-9.32%. Notably, artepillin C quantification is an important factor in determining the quality index of Brazilian green propolis; importantly, it has potential as a chemical marker for the development of better quality control methods for Brazilian green propolis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091791</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31075821</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acids ; Analysis of Variance ; Brazilian green propolis ; Caffeic acid ; Chlorogenic acid ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Control methods ; Drying ; Electrospraying ; Ethanol ; Flavonoids ; Gas flow ; High performance liquid chromatography ; HPLC ; Hydroxybenzoates - analysis ; Identification ; Ionization ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; methodological verification ; Nutrition research ; Phenolic acids ; Phenols ; Propolis ; Propolis - chemistry ; Quadrupoles ; Quality control ; quantitation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Scientific imaging ; Sheaths ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods ; UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS</subject><ispartof>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.24 (9), p.1791</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-88eba42322f2072505cc44b5d3725d09b0b810532a4980dc73373f02a09071c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-88eba42322f2072505cc44b5d3725d09b0b810532a4980dc73373f02a09071c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2757-9273</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2548929893/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2548929893?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075821$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sun, Shengwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Meijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kunping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xuguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Guangling</creatorcontrib><title>Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC</title><title>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><description>Brazilian green propolis is a complex mixture of natural compounds that is difficult to analyze and standardize; as a result, controlling its quality is challenging. In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and characterization of seven phenolic acid compounds in Brazilian green propolis. The optimal operating conditions for the electrospray ionization source were capillary voltage of 3500 V and drying and sheath gas temperatures of 320 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Drying and sheath gas flows were set to 8 L/min and 11 L/min, respectively. Brazilian green propolis was separated using the HPLC method, with chromatograms for samples and standards measured at 310 nm. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was used to identify the following phenolic compounds: Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and artepillin C. Using a methodologically validated HPLC method, the seven identified phenolic acids were then quantified among different Brazilian green propolis. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of a given phenolic acid across different Brazilian green propolis samples, owing to the same plant resin sources for each sample. Isochlorogenic acid B had the lowest content (0.08 ± 0.04) across all tested Brazilian green propolis samples, while the artepillin C levels were the highest (2.48 ± 0.94). The total phenolic acid content across Brazilian green propolis samples ranged from 2.14-9.32%. Notably, artepillin C quantification is an important factor in determining the quality index of Brazilian green propolis; importantly, it has potential as a chemical marker for the development of better quality control methods for Brazilian green propolis.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Brazilian green propolis</subject><subject>Caffeic acid</subject><subject>Chlorogenic acid</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Control methods</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Electrospraying</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Gas flow</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>HPLC</subject><subject>Hydroxybenzoates - analysis</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>methodological verification</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Phenolic acids</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Propolis</subject><subject>Propolis - chemistry</subject><subject>Quadrupoles</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>quantitation</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Sheaths</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods</subject><subject>UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplkktvEzEUhS0Eom3gB7BBltiwGbh-ZewNUgl9RApqUcLasj2e1tHETu2ZSuXXd9KUqoWV7eNzv2tfHYQ-EPjCmIKvm9R5N3S-UA6K1Iq8QoeEU6gYcPX62f4AHZWyBqCEE_EWHTACtZCUHKKbeeNjH9rgTB9SxCY2-Ifvfd6EuFdSi5f-1kd8ee1j6oLDxy40BYeIv2fzJ3TBRHyW_c6R03Z0FGzv8O_Lxaw6Wc6rX6uL0-rn8oF8Porv0JvWdMW_f1wnaHV6spqdV4uLs_nseFE5IVRfSemt4ZRR2lKoqQDhHOdWNGw8NKAsWElAMGq4ktC4mrGatUANKKiJYxM032ObZNZ6m8PG5DudTNAPQspX2uQ-uM7rVjpLmWrsVBFup1IBkQ0Bq6SxtgY6sr7tWdvBbnzjxoll072AvryJ4VpfpVs9FRyomI6Az4-AnG4GX3q9CcX5rjPRp6FoShlRoBjb9fr0j3WdhhzHSWkquFRUydE3QWTvcjmVkn379BgCepcN_V82xpqPz3_xVPE3DOweTne0jg</recordid><startdate>20190509</startdate><enddate>20190509</enddate><creator>Sun, Shengwei</creator><creator>Liu, Meijuan</creator><creator>He, Jian</creator><creator>Li, Kunping</creator><creator>Zhang, Xuguang</creator><creator>Yin, Guangling</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-9273</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190509</creationdate><title>Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC</title><author>Sun, Shengwei ; Liu, Meijuan ; He, Jian ; Li, Kunping ; Zhang, Xuguang ; Yin, Guangling</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-88eba42322f2072505cc44b5d3725d09b0b810532a4980dc73373f02a09071c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Brazilian green propolis</topic><topic>Caffeic acid</topic><topic>Chlorogenic acid</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</topic><topic>Control methods</topic><topic>Drying</topic><topic>Electrospraying</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Gas flow</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>HPLC</topic><topic>Hydroxybenzoates - analysis</topic><topic>Identification</topic><topic>Ionization</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>methodological verification</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Phenolic acids</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Propolis</topic><topic>Propolis - chemistry</topic><topic>Quadrupoles</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>quantitation</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Sheaths</topic><topic>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods</topic><topic>UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sun, Shengwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Meijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kunping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xuguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Guangling</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sun, Shengwei</au><au>Liu, Meijuan</au><au>He, Jian</au><au>Li, Kunping</au><au>Zhang, Xuguang</au><au>Yin, Guangling</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC</atitle><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><date>2019-05-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1791</spage><pages>1791-</pages><issn>1420-3049</issn><eissn>1420-3049</eissn><abstract>Brazilian green propolis is a complex mixture of natural compounds that is difficult to analyze and standardize; as a result, controlling its quality is challenging. In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and characterization of seven phenolic acid compounds in Brazilian green propolis. The optimal operating conditions for the electrospray ionization source were capillary voltage of 3500 V and drying and sheath gas temperatures of 320 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Drying and sheath gas flows were set to 8 L/min and 11 L/min, respectively. Brazilian green propolis was separated using the HPLC method, with chromatograms for samples and standards measured at 310 nm. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was used to identify the following phenolic compounds: Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and artepillin C. Using a methodologically validated HPLC method, the seven identified phenolic acids were then quantified among different Brazilian green propolis. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of a given phenolic acid across different Brazilian green propolis samples, owing to the same plant resin sources for each sample. Isochlorogenic acid B had the lowest content (0.08 ± 0.04) across all tested Brazilian green propolis samples, while the artepillin C levels were the highest (2.48 ± 0.94). The total phenolic acid content across Brazilian green propolis samples ranged from 2.14-9.32%. Notably, artepillin C quantification is an important factor in determining the quality index of Brazilian green propolis; importantly, it has potential as a chemical marker for the development of better quality control methods for Brazilian green propolis.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31075821</pmid><doi>10.3390/molecules24091791</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-9273</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acids Analysis of Variance Brazilian green propolis Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Chromatography Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Control methods Drying Electrospraying Ethanol Flavonoids Gas flow High performance liquid chromatography HPLC Hydroxybenzoates - analysis Identification Ionization Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy methodological verification Nutrition research Phenolic acids Phenols Propolis Propolis - chemistry Quadrupoles Quality control quantitation Reproducibility of Results Scientific imaging Sheaths Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS |
| title | Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC |
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