Mitochondrial complex IV defects induce metabolic and signaling perturbations that expose potential vulnerabilities in HCT116 cells

• Published in: FEBS open bio 2022-05, Vol.12 (5), p.959-982
• Main Authors: Uchenunu, Oro, Zhdanov, Alexander V., Hutton, Phillipe, Jovanovic, Predrag, Wang, Ye, Andreev, Dmitry E., Hulea, Laura, Papadopoli, David J., Avizonis, Daina, Baranov, Pavel V., Pollak, Michael N., Papkovsky, Dmitri B., Topisirovic, Ivan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AKT; AKT protein; Amino acids; AMPK; Carboxylation; Cell migration; Cell proliferation; Citric acid; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Cytochrome; Cytochrome-c oxidase; Dehydrogenases; Electron Transport Complex IV - genetics; Electron Transport Complex IV - metabolism; Enzymes; Experiments; Gene expression; Glucose; Glycerol; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Hypoxia; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factors; Kinases; Medical prognosis; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metastasis; Mitochondria; Mitochondria - metabolism; mitochondrial dysfunction; Molecular Chaperones - metabolism; mTOR; Mutation; NAD; Oxidation; p53 Protein; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Pyruvic acid; SCO2; TOR protein; Transcription; Tricarboxylic acid cycle; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumors
• ISSN: 2211-5463; 2211-5463
• DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13398

Mutations in genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial complex IV) subunits and assembly factors [e.g., synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2)] are linked to severe metabolic syndromes. Notwithstanding that SCO2 is under transcriptional control of tumor suppressor p53, the role of mitochondrial complex IV dysfunction in cancer metabolism remains obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the loss of SCO2 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells leads to significant metabolic and signaling perturbations. Specifically, abrogation of SCO2 increased NAD+ regenerating reactions and decreased glucose oxidation through citric acid cycle while enhancing pyruvate carboxylation. This was accompanied by a reduction in amino acid levels and the accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, SCO2 loss resulted in hyperactivation of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/AKT axis with paradoxical downregulation of mTOR signaling, which was accompanied by increased AMP‐activated kinase activity. Accordingly, abrogation of SCO2 expression appears to increase the sensitivity of cells to IGF1R and AKT, but not mTOR inhibitors. Finally, the loss of SCO2 was associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced migration of HCT116 cells. Collectively, herein we describe potential adaptive signaling and metabolic perturbations triggered by mitochondrial complex IV dysfunction. In this study, we provide evidence suggesting potential adaptive mechanisms that are activated in response to dysfunction of mitochondrial complex IV in HCT116 colon cancer cell line. These mechanisms involve dramatic metabolic reprogramming to compensate for the disruption of mitochondrial functions that is accompanied by the activation of the IGF1R/AKT axis, increased AMPK activity, and paradoxical downregulation of mTORC1 signaling.