Nitric Oxide Acts as a Key Signaling Molecule in Plant Development under Stressful Conditions

Nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gaseous molecule, is a lipophilic free radical that easily diffuses through the plasma membrane. These characteristics make NO an ideal autocrine (i.e., within a single cell) and paracrine (i.e., between adjacent cells) signalling molecule. As a chemical messenger, NO...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-03, Vol.24 (5), p.4782
Main Authors: Khan, Murtaza, Ali, Sajid, Al Azzawi, Tiba Nazar Ibrahim, Yun, Byung-Wook
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic stress
Abscisic acid
Antioxidants
Autocrine signalling
Biosynthesis
Cell division
crop plants
Enzymes
Free radicals
Gene expression
Gibberellins
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism
Iron
Lipophilic
Melatonin
Melatonin - metabolism
Metabolism
Metabolites
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Nitric-oxide synthase
Nitrogen
Oxidative stress
Paracrine signalling
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Phytohormones
Plant Development
Plant growth
Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism
Plants - metabolism
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Review
Seeds
Senescence
Signal transduction
signaling
stress
Stress, Physiological
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Summary:Nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gaseous molecule, is a lipophilic free radical that easily diffuses through the plasma membrane. These characteristics make NO an ideal autocrine (i.e., within a single cell) and paracrine (i.e., between adjacent cells) signalling molecule. As a chemical messenger, NO plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, NO interacts with reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, melatonin, and hydrogen sulfide. It regulates gene expression, modulates phytohormones, and contributes to plant growth and defense mechanisms. In plants, NO is mainly produced via redox pathways. However, nitric oxide synthase, a key enzyme in NO production, has been poorly understood recently in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of NO in signalling and chemical interactions as well as its involvement in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we have discussed various aspects of NO including its biosynthesis, interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS), melatonin (MEL), hydrogen sulfide, enzymes, phytohormones, and its role in normal and stressful conditions.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24054782