Human adaptation to immobilization: Novel insights of impacts on glucose disposal and fuel utilization

Background Bed rest (BR) reduces whole‐body insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal (GD) and alters muscle fuel metabolism, but little is known about metabolic adaptation from acute to chronic BR nor the mechanisms involved, particularly when volunteers are maintained in energy balance. Methods Healthy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle sarcopenia and muscle, 2022-12, Vol.13 (6), p.2999-3013
Main Authors: Shur, Natalie F., Simpson, Elizabeth J., Crossland, Hannah, Chivaka, Prince K., Constantin, Despina, Cordon, Sally M., Constantin‐Teodosiu, Dumitru, Stephens, Francis B., Lobo, Dileep N., Szewczyk, Nate, Narici, Marco, Prats, Clara, Macdonald, Ian A., Greenhaff, Paul L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerospace medicine
Antioxidants
bed rest
Biopsy
Diabetes
Diet
Dietary supplements
Energy
Exercise
fuel oxidation
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Glycogen - metabolism
Humans
Insulin
Insulin - metabolism
insulin resistance
Lipids
Male
Meals
Medical screening
Metabolism
Metabolites
muscle metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Musculoskeletal system
Original
Physical fitness
Physiology
Proteins
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
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Summary:Background Bed rest (BR) reduces whole‐body insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal (GD) and alters muscle fuel metabolism, but little is known about metabolic adaptation from acute to chronic BR nor the mechanisms involved, particularly when volunteers are maintained in energy balance. Methods Healthy males (n = 10, 24.0 ± 1.3 years), maintained in energy balance, underwent 3‐day BR (acute BR). A second cohort matched for sex and body mass index (n = 20, 34.2 ± 1.8 years) underwent 56‐day BR (chronic BR). A hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (60 mU/m2/min) was performed to determine rates of whole‐body insulin‐stimulated GD before and after BR (normalized to lean body mass). Indirect calorimetry was performed before and during steady state of each clamp to calculate rates of whole‐body fuel oxidation. Muscle biopsies were taken to determine muscle glycogen, metabolite and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) contents, and the expression of 191 mRNA targets before and after BR. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences in endpoint measures. Results Acute BR reduced insulin‐mediated GD (Pre 11.5 ± 0.7 vs. Post 9.3 ± 0.6 mg/kg/min, P 
ISSN:2190-5991
2190-6009
DOI:10.1002/jcsm.13075