HPV and Cervical Cancer: A Review of Epidemiology and Screening Uptake in the UK

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in females worldwide, and a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom (UK). The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the strongest risk factor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Across the UK, the national HPV immunisation p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.12 (2), p.298
Main Authors: Choi, Sunyoung, Ismail, Ayden, Pappas-Gogos, George, Boussios, Stergios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Cancer
Cancer screening
Causes of
Cervical cancer
cervical cancer screening
Cervix
Complications and side effects
COVID-19
Cytology
Deprivation
Development and progression
Diagnosis
Disease transmission
Drug resistance
Epidemiology
Females
Gene expression
Genomes
HPV
HPV vaccination
Human papillomavirus
Immunization
Infections
Malignancy
Medical screening
Metastasis
Mortality
Pandemics
Papillomavirus infections
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Prevention
Proteins
Proteomics
Review
Risk factors
Sexual intercourse
Skin
Vagina
Womens health
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Summary:Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in females worldwide, and a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom (UK). The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the strongest risk factor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Across the UK, the national HPV immunisation programme, introduced in 2008, has been successful in protecting against HPV-related infections. Furthermore, the National Health Service (NHS) implemented the cytology-based cervical cancer screening service to all females aged 25 to 64, which has observed a decline in cervical cancer incidence. In the UK, there has been an overall decline in age-appropriate coverage since April 2010. In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted NHS cancer screening and immunisation programmes, leading to a 6.8% decreased uptake of cervical cancer screening from the previous year. Engagement with screening has also been associated with social deprivation. In England, incidence rates of cervical cancer were reported to be 65% higher in the most deprived areas compared to the least, with lifestyle factors such as cigarette consumption contributing to 21% of cervical cancer cases. In this article, we provide an update on the epidemiology of cervical cancer, and HPV pathogenesis and transmission, along with the current prevention programmes within the NHS.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens12020298