Exploring toroidal anvil profiles for larger sample volumes above 4 Mbar

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-05, Vol.14 (1), p.11412-11412, Article 11412
• Main Authors: Zurkowski, Claire C., Yang, Jing, Miozzi, Francesca, Vitale, Suzy, O.’Bannon, Earl. F., Jenei, Zsolt, Chariton, Stella, Prakapenka, Vitali, Fei, Yingwei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 639/301; 639/766; 704/2151; 704/445; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; Design optimization; Diamonds; Humanities and Social Sciences; Ion beams; multidisciplinary; Phase transitions; Rhenium; Scanning electron microscopy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61861-2

With the advent of toroidal and double-stage diamond anvil cells (DACs), pressures between 4 and 10 Mbar can be achieved under static compression, however, the ability to explore diverse sample assemblies is limited on these micron-scale anvils. Adapting the toroidal DAC to support larger sample volumes offers expanded capabilities in physics, chemistry, and planetary science: including, characterizing materials in soft pressure media to multi-megabar pressures, synthesizing novel phases, and probing planetary assemblages at the interior pressures and temperatures of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. Here we have continued the exploration of larger toroidal DAC profiles by iteratively testing various torus and shoulder depths with central culet diameters in the 30–50 µm range. We present a 30 µm culet profile that reached a maximum pressure of 414(1) GPa based on a Pt scale. The 300 K equations of state fit to our P–V data collected on gold and rhenium are compatible with extrapolated hydrostatic equations of state within 1% up to 4 Mbar. This work validates the performance of these large-culet toroidal anvils to > 4 Mbar and provides a promising foundation to develop toroidal DACs for diverse sample loading and laser heating.