A Single Amino Acid Substitution in MIL1 Leads to Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice

Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development,...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-08, Vol.23 (16), p.8853
Main Authors: Yan, Bowen, Zheng, Haoyu, Sang, Yuwei, Wang, Yan, Sun, Jian, Li, Fengcheng, Wang, Jiayu, Wang, Xiaoxue
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acid substitution
Apoptosis
Blight
Cell activation
Cell death
Chloroplasts
Cloning
Crop yield
Crystal defects
Defense
Disease resistance
DNA fragmentation
Gene expression
Genes
Genotype & phenotype
Growth rate
Hydroperoxide lyase
Infections
Kinases
Leaves
lesion mimic mutants
Lesions
mil1-1
Missense mutation
Molecular modelling
Mutagenesis
Mutants
Mutation
Pathogens
programmed cell death
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Rice
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Summary:Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development, and the chloroplasts of mil1-1 leaves were disrupted. Reactive oxygen species were found to accumulate in mil1-1 leaves. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were observed in mil1-1 leaves, indicating that the cells in the spots of mil1-1 leaves experienced programmed cell death. Most agronomic traits decreased in mil1-1, suggesting that the growth retardation in mil1-1 caused reduced per-plant grain yield. However, the mutation of MIL1 activated the expression of pathogen response genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. The MIL1 gene was cloned using the positional cloning approach. A missense mutation 751 bp downstream of ATG was found in mil1-1. The defects of mil1-1 were able to be rescued by delivering a wild-type MIL1 gene into mil1-1. MIL1 encoded hydroperoxide lyase 3 (OsHPL3), and the expression of OsHPL3 was induced via hormone and abiotic stresses. Our findings provide insights into the roles of MIL1 in regulating programmed cell death, development, yield, and defense responses in rice.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23168853